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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 73(4), 2005, pp. 796-802
Copyright © 2005 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DENGUE 2 VIRUSES IN THE PHILIPPINES: GENOTYPE SHIFT AND LOCAL EVOLUTION

LEONORA T. D. SALDA, MARIA D. C. PARQUET, RONALD R. MATIAS, FILIPINAS F. NATIVIDAD, NOBOYUKI KOBAYASHI, AND KOUICHI MORITA*
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki City, Japan; Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki City, Japan; Research and Biotechnology Division, St. Luke’s Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines

The pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) genes of 41 viruses isolated from dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) patients from 1995 to 2002 were sequenced to determine the genetic variability of dengue 2 (DENV 2) viruses in the Philippines. The envelope sequence data were compared with a global sample of DENV 2 obtained from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that two distinct genotypes, Asian 2 and Cosmopolitan, are currently circulating locally, each with the potential to cause severe hemorrhagic disease. After the initial isolation in 1998, the Cosmopolitan genotype has gradually and effectively replaced Asian genotype 2 in the Philippines. Members of this genotype were closely related to viruses from Australia, Singapore, and Thailand.

Received March 23, 2005. Accepted for publication June 1, 2005.

Acknowledgments: The first author is a recipient of the Monbusho Scholarship from the Ministry of Education, Science Sport and Culture of Japan.

Financial support: This study was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid for scientific research (B) (no. 13576016 and no. 15406020) from the Ministry of Education, Science Sport and Culture of Japan, a Grant for Research on Emerging and Re-emerging Infections Diseases (H15-Shinko-19) from the Ministry of Health and Welfare and Labor of Japan, and the 21st century Centers of Excellence (COE) program on "Global strategies for Control of tropical and emerging infectious diseases" Nagasaki University.

* Address correspondence to Kouichi Morita, Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523. Japan. E-mail: moritak{at}net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp.

Authors’ addresses: Leonora T. D. Salda, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology of Infectious Agents, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki City, 852-8521, Japan, Telephone: (+81) 95-819-2458, Fax: (+81) 95-849-7830, E-mail: lensalda{at}mxc.cncm.ne.jp. Maria D. C. Parquet, Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, 852-8523, Japan, Telephone: (+81) 95-849-7829, Fax: (+81) 95-849-7830, E-mail: parquet{at}tm.nagasaki-u.ac.jp. Ronald R. Matias, Research and Biotechnology Division, St. Luke’s Medical Center, 279 E. Rodriguez Sr. Blvd., Quezon City, 1102 Philippines, Telephone: (+63) 2-723-5540, Fax: (+63) 2-726-0467, E-mail: rrmatias{at}stluke.com.ph. Filipinas F. Natividad, Research and Biotechnology Division, St. Luke’s Medical Center, 279 E. Rodriguez Sr. Blvd., Quezon City, 1102 Philippines, Telephone: (+63) 2-723-5540, Fax: (+63) 2-726-0467, E-mail: ffnatividad{at}stlike.com.ph. Noboyuki Kobayashi, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology of Infectious Agents, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki City, 852-8521, Japan, Telephone: (+81) 95-819-2458, Fax: (+81) 95-844-3783, E-mail: nobnob{at}net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp. Kouichi Morita, Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, 852-8523, Japan, Telephone: (+81) 95-849-7829, Fax: (+81) 95-849-7830, E-mail: moritak{at}net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp.

Reprint requests: Kouichi Morita, Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, 852-8523, Japan, Telephone: (+81) 95-849-7829, Fax: (+81) 95-849-7830, E-mail: Moritak{at}net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp.






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