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AN ANALYSIS OF GENE FLOW AMONG MIDWESTERN POPULATIONS OF THE MOSQUITO OCHLEROTATUS TRISERIATUS

A population genetics study of the mosquito Ochlerotatus triseriatus was performed on 36 collections from adjoining regions of Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin covering approximately 120 km². Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis was used to estimate variation in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) gene. The heated oligonucleotide ligation assay was used to identify the ND4 haplotype of each mosquito. No evidence of genetic isolation by distance was found, nor did Interstate 90 or the Mississippi River serve as barriers to gene flow. The effective migration rate varied from 18 to 45 reproductive migrants/generation, which is similar to estimates from an earlier study. The collections belong to a single, large, panmictic population. However, within this panmictic population, local genetic drift arises, possibly due to one or a few females ovipositing in larval breeding containers. From generation to generation, there is sufficient gene flow to mix families arising from individual breeding sites and eliminate founder effects due to drift.

Received January 5, 2005. Accepted for publication April 18, 2005.

Acknowledgments: We thank William A. Thoftne and the rest of the people involved in La Crosse County Health Department’s vector control section for collecting the samples used in this study, as well as Cynthia Meredith for her work rearing these collections to adulthood. We would also like to thank Saul Lozano-Fuentes for his help using the ArcGIS program.

Financial support: This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grant AI-32543. Eric T. Beck was supported by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Fellowship Training Program grant T01-CCT822307.

^* Address correspondence to Eric T. Beck, Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523. E-mail: etbeck{at}lamar.colostate.edu

Authors’ addresses: Eric T. Beck, Christopher F. Bosio, Carol D. Blair, Barry J. Beaty, and William C. Black IV, Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, E-mails: etbeck{at}lamar.colostate.edu, cfbosio{at}colostate.edu, cblair{at}colostate.edu, bbeaty{at}colostate.edu, and william.black{at}colostate.edu. David A. Geske, Division of Vector Control, La Crosse County Health Department, La Crosse, WI 54601, E-mail: geske.dave{at}co.la-crosse.wi.us.