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LOW RISK OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS IN YAOUNDÉ, CAMEROON: THE ANRS 1262 STUDY

To assess mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Cameroon, 5,008 pregnant women were screened for HCV antibodies. Eighty-nine (1.8%) were HCV-antibody (HCV-Ab) positive. Among these, 7 (7.9%) were HBsAg positive, 6 (6.7%) HIV-positive, and one (1.1%) was co-infected by both hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV. Sixty-eight (76%) out of 89 HCV-Ab positive pregnant women were HCV-RNA positive. The HCV genotype determination indicated the predominance of genotype 4 (45.3%), followed by the genotypes 1 (28.1%) and 2 (26.6%). The mean HCV-RNA levels of 41 women at the time of delivery was 4.8 (range 0.06–34.7) x 10⁶ RNA copies/mL. Finally, 35 women delivered 36 live children. None of those screened at 6 weeks and 6 months of age were HCV-RNA positive. The failure to detect HCV vertical transmission suggests that the mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is not a major route of HCV transmission in Cameroon.

Received March 9, 2005. Accepted for publication March 29, 2005.

Acknowledgments: Richard Njouom is a recipient of a fellowship from the French Ministry for Foreign Affairs. We are very grateful to Viviane Mogoun Tchuente for her technical assistance and to the personnel of the Chantal Biya Foundation and the maternity wards of Etoudi and of Central Hospital of Yaoundé, Cameroon.

Financial support This work was funded by the ANRS agency of France (project no. 1262).

^* Address correspondence to Eric Nerrienet, Laboratoire de virologie, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, BP 1274 Yaoundé, Cameroon. E-mail: nerrienet{at}pasteur.yaounde.org. Present address: HIV and Hepatitis Unity, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, BP983 Phnom Penh, Kingdom of Cambodia. E-mail: enerrienet{at}pasteur-kh.org

Authors’ addresses: Richard Njouom, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, BP1274 Yaoundé, Cameroun, Telephone: 237 223 10 15, Fax: 237 223 15 64, E-mail: njouom{at}pasteur-Yaounde.org. Christophe Pasquier, Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Purpan, Place du Dr Baylac, TSA40031 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France, Telephone: (33) 5 61 77 24 63, Fax: (33) 5 61 77 25 42, E-mail: pasquier.c{at}chu-toulouse.fr. Ahidjo Ayouba, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, BP1274 Yaoundé, Cameroun, Telephone: 237 223 10 15, Fax: 237 223 15 64, E-mail: ayouba{at}pasteur-Yaounde.org. (Present address: Institut Pasteur de Paris, Unité de Biologie des Rétrovirus, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, E-mail: ayouba{at}pasteur.fr). Mathurin Cyrille Tejiokem, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, BP1274 Yaoundé, Cameroun, Telephone: 237 223 10 15, Fax: 237 223 15 64, E-mail: tejiokem{at}pasteur-yaounde.org. Aurelia Vessiere, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, BP1274 Yaoundé, Cameroun, Telephone: 237 223 10 15, Fax: 237 223 15 64, E-mail: vessiere{at}pasteur-yaounde.org. Jermie Mfoupouendoun, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, BP1274 Yaoundé, Cameroun, Telephone: 237 223 10 15, Fax: 237 223 15 64. Gilbert Tene, Centre Mère Enfant, Fondation Chantal Biya, BP 1936 Yaoundé, Cameroun. Telephone: 237 999 02 23, E-mail: giltene{at}yahoo.fr. Nicole Eteki, Maternité Principale, Hôpital Central de Yaoundé, BP 87 Yaoundé, Cameroun, Telephone: 237 777 13 98, E-mail: etekinicole{at}yahoo.fr. Marcel Monny Lobe, Centre Mère Enfant, Fondation Chantal Biya. BP1936, Yaoundé, Cameroun, Telephone: 237 222 50 84. Jacques Izopet, Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Purpan, Place du Dr Baylac, TSA40031 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France, Telephone: (33) 5 61 77 24 63, Fax: (33) 5 61 77 25 42, E-mail: izopet.j{at}chu-toulouse.fr. Eric Nerrienet, Centre Pasteur du Camer-oun, BP1274 Yaoundé, Cameroun, Telephone: (237) 223 10 15, Fax: (237) 223 15 64, E-mail: nerrienet{at}pasteur-yaounde.org. (Present address: Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, 5, boulevard Monivong, Phnom Penh, BP983, Kingdom of Cambodia, Telephone: (855) 23 368 036, E-mail: enerrienet{at}pasteur-kh.org).

Reprint requests: E. Nerrienet, Laboratoire de virologie, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, BP 1274 Yaoundé, Cameroon, Telephone: (237) 223 18 03, Fax: (237) 223 15 64, E-mail: nerrienet{at}pasteur.yaounde.org. (Present address: HIV and Hepatitis Unity, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, BP983 Phnom Penh, Kingdom of Cambodia, Fax: (855) 12 725 606, E-mail: enerrienet{at}pasteur-kh.org.)

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