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A SEROSURVEY TO IDENTIFY THE WINDOW OF VULNERABILITY TO WILD-TYPE MEASLES AMONG INFANTS IN RURAL MALI

As infants lose maternally derived antibody, they experience a period when antibody levels are insufficient to protect against measles yet may interfere with immunization. In Kangaba Mali, sera were collected from 89 2–8-month-old infants and 32 9–10-month-old infants without a history of measles or vaccination; post-vaccination sera were collected from 24 of the 9–10-month-old infants 3–5 weeks after receiving measles vaccine. Measles antibody was measured by plaque reduction neutralization (PRN) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. At two months of age, 30% had protective PRN titers; among six-month-old infants, none had protective titers. Prior to vaccination, 16% of 9–10-month-old infants exhibited protective titers; all demonstrated protective titers post-vaccination. The early onset of the window of vulnerability in Kangaba infants likely reflects the changing ecology of measles in Africa. Ways to protect these vulnerable infants against measles must be devised.

Received October 8, 2004. Accepted for publication December 22, 2004.

Acknowledgments: We thank Dr. Mama Niele Doumbia and Dr. Modibo Bagayogo, as well as the staff at the Kangaba and Salamalé Centres de Santé Communautaire, especially Dr. Koli Sissoko, for their assistance in completing this study.

Financial support: This study was supported by a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Myron M. Levine, Principal Investigator).

^* Address correspondence to Milagritos D. Tapia, Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Room 480, Baltimore, MD 21201. E-mail: mtapia{at}medicine.umaryland.edu

Authors’ addresses: Milagritos D. Tapia, Sandra Medina-Moreno, Yu Lim, Marcela F. Pasetti, Karen Kotloff, and Myron M. Levine, Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Room 480, Baltimore, MD 21201, Telephone: 410-706-5328, Fax: 410-706-6205, E-mails: mtapia{at}medicine.umaryland.edu, smoreno{at}medicine.umaryland.edu, ylim{at}medicine.umaryland.edu, mpasetti{at}medicine.umaryland.edu, kkotloff{at}medicine.umaryland.edu and mlevine{at}medicine.umaryland.edu Samba O. Sow, Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins–Mali, Centre National d’Appui à la Lutte contre la Maladie, BP 251, Bamako, Mali, Telephone/Fax: 223-223-60-31, E-mail: ssow{at}medicine.umaryland.edu.

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