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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 72(6), 2005, pp. 837-839
Copyright © 2005 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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SHORT REPORT


VACCINATION OF PIGS TO CONTROL HUMAN NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS

ARMANDO E. GONZALEZ, CHARLES G. GAUCI, DYLAN BARBER, ROBERT H. GILMAN, VICTOR C. W. TSANG, HECTOR H. GARCIA, MANUELA VERASTEGUI, AND MARSHALL W. LIGHTOWLERS
School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Veterinary Clinical Centre, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Immunology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland

 

ABSTRACT

Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis is a zoonotic disease complex in which the pig is an obligate intermediate host. The infection is widespread, particularly in the developing world, and neurocysticercosis is a major cause of human neurologic disease where the parasite is endemic. Despite easy availability, effective anti-parasitic drugs have not been deployed effectively to control disease transmission. We have investigated a vaccine strategy to prevent parasite infection of the pig intermediate host. Such a strategy would interrupt the parasite’s life cycle and eliminate the source of infection for humans. Two recombinant antigens selected from the parasite oncosphere life cycle stage were tested in vaccination trials in pigs that were challenged orally with Taenia solium eggs. Both antigens were highly effective in protecting the pigs against infection with the parasite (98.6% and 99.9% protection, respectively). No viable cysts were found in eight pigs vaccinated with one of the antigens. A recombinant subunit vaccine based on oncosphere antigens has the potential to improve the available control measures for T. solium and thereby reduce or eliminate neurocysticercosis.

Received September 14, 2004. Accepted for publication November 29, 2004.

Acknowledgments: We thank Dr. Teresa Bernal, Dr. Cesar Gavidia, and Dr. Nestor Falcon for performing the necropsy procedures.

Financial support: Ongoing cysticercosis research by the authors was supported by the research grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia (Marshall W. Lightowlers), the National Institutes of Health (Armando E. Gonzalez and Robert H. Gilman), The Wellcome Trust (Armando E. Gonzalez, Robert H. Gilman, Victor C. W. Tsang, and Hector H. Garcia), the Food and Drug Administration (Hector H. Garcia), and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Armando E. Gonzalez, Robert H. Gilman, Victor C. W. Tsang, and Hector H. Garcia).

Authors’ addresses: Armando E. Gonzalez, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Circunvalacion s/n, Salamanca de Monterrico, Ate, Lima, Peru, E-mail: emico{at}terra.com.pe. Charles G. Gauci, Dylan Barber, and Marshall W. Lightowlers, Veterinary Clinical Centre, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia, E-mails: charlesg{at}unimelb.edu.au, dylanbarber{at}hotmail.com, and marshall{at}unimelb.edu.au. Robert H. Gilman, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, E-mail: rgilman{at}jhsph.edu. Victor C. W. Tsang, Immunology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Mailstop F-13, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, E-mail: vct1{at}cdc.gov. Hector H. Garcia, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru and Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto de Ciencias Neurologicas, Jr. Ancash 1271, Barrios Altos, Lima 1, Peru, Telephone: 51-1-328-7360, Fax: 51-1-328-4038, E-mail: hgarcia{at}jhsph.edu. Manuela Verastegui, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. H. Delgado 430, Urb. Ingenieria, SMP, Lima 31, Peru, E-mail: mveraste{at}jhsph.edu.

Reprint requests: Marshall W. Lightowlers, Veterinary Clinical Centre, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia.




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