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An epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the rapid differentiation of serologic responses to enzootic variety IE and ID versus epizootic variety IAB and IC strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus. Two monoclonal antibodies that differentially recognize epizootic versus enzootic VEE virus epitopes were used to measure the serotype-specific blocking abilities of antibodies in sera of naturally infected humans, equines, and bovines, as well as in experimentally infected equines. The assay is simple, species-independent, rapid, and sensitive, and will improve surveillance for VEE emergence. It could also be used to determine the epidemic potential of a VEE virus following an intentional introduction for bioterrorism.
Received October 28, 2004. Accepted for publication December 14, 2004.
Acknowledgments: We thank Richard Bowen (Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO) for the equine serum samples, and John Roehrig and Ann Powers (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO) for providing the monoclonal antibodies.
Financial support: Slobodan Paessler was supported by a National Institutes of Health K08 award AI059491. Patricia V. Aguilar and Lark L. Coffey were supported by the James W. McLaughlin Fellowship Fund. Darci R. Smith was supported by the TO1/CCT622892 Fellowship Training Grant in Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Martin Pfeffer was supported by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft grant 0499-V-4302. This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (to Scott C. Weaver) through the Western Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, NIH grant number U54 AI057156, and by grants AI39800 and AI48807 and contract N01-AI25489 from the National Institutes of Health.
* These authors contributed equally to this work.
Authors’ addresses: Eryu Wang, Slobodan Paessler, Darci R. Smith, Lark L. Coffey, Wenli Kang, Jose Estrada-Franco, and Scott C. Weaver, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, Telephone: 409-747-0758, Fax: 409-747-2415, E-mail: sweaver{at}utmb.edu. Patricia V. Aguilar, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-1019. Martin Pfeffer, Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany. James Olson, Patrick Blair, and Carolina Guevara, U.S. Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Unit 3800, American Embassy, Lima, Peru.
Reprint requests: Scott C. Weaver, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0609.
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