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RECOMBINANT LARVICIDAL BACTERIA WITH MARKEDLY IMPROVED EFFICACY AGAINST CULEX VECTORS OF WEST NILE VIRUS

An urgent need exists for new agents to control mosquito vectors of disease. Mosquito larvicides based on the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) or B. sphaericus (Bs) are effective in many habitats, but use is limited by their high cost. Moreover, mosquito resistance evolves rapidly to Bs where it is used intensively. The efficacy of these bacteria is due to a binary protein (BsB) in Bs and four proteins (Cry4A, Cry4B, Cry11A, and Cyt1A) in Bti. Here we report the use of cyt1A promoters and a 5' mRNA stabilizing sequence to synthesize high levels of Bs2362 binary toxin in Bti strains. The recombinant BtiIPS-82/BsB showed high potency against fourth instars of Culex quinquefasciatus, a vector of West Nile virus, being 21-fold as potent as BtiIPS-82, and 32-fold as potent as Bs2362. Similar improved efficacy was obtained against larvae of Cx. tarsalis. Moreover, BtiIPS-82/BsB suppressed resistance to Bs2362 in Cx. quinquefasciatus.

Received September 3, 2004. Accepted for publication December 14, 2004.

Financial support: This research was supported by grants from the University of California BioSTAR and Mosquito Research Programs and from the National Institutes of Health (grant AI-45817).

Disclosure: The authors wish to disclose that based on the results reported in the paper, they received a Partnership Award from the National Institutes of Health. Their industrial partner on this Partnership Award is Valent BioSciences, the primary manufacturer of bacterial insecticides in the United States. This statement is being made in the interest of full disclosure and not because the authors consider this to be a conflict of interest.

Authors’ addresses: Hyun-Woo Park, John A. Mulrennan Sr., Public Health Entomology Research & Education Center, Florida A&M University, 4000 Frankford Ave., Panama City, FL 32405, E-mail: hyun-woo.park{at}famu.edu. Dennis K. Bideshi, Margaret C. Wirth, Jeffrey J. Johnson, and William E. Walton, Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, E-mails: dbideshi{at}ucr.edu, dbideshi{at}ucr.edu, jeffrey.johnson{at}ucr.edu, and william.walton{at}ucr.edu. Brian A. Federici, Department of Entomology and Interdepartmental Graduate Programs in Microbiology, and Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, E-mail: brian.federici{at}ucr.edu.

Reprint requests: Brian A. Federici, Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521.

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