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Anophelism without malaria has long been recognized. In large irrigation projects, such as that around Niono, Mali, villages in irrigated areas sometimes have more anopheline vectors of malaria than adjacent nonirrigated villages, but overall malaria prevalence is substantially less. One hypothesized explanation for this is high anopheline densities lead to smaller adults, who do not live so long and hence are less efficient at transmitting the disease. We analyzed serial collections from 18 villages in an irrigated area of Mali, measuring correlations between mosquito densities and survival rates, zoophilic rates, and vectorial capacity over the villages and times. Adult density was inversely related to anthropophily and adult survival and its relationship with vectorial capacity was positive at low mosquito densities, flat at intermediate densities, and negative at high densities. This may partly explain why malaria prevalence is low in irrigated villages with high Anopheles density.
Received August 11, 2004. Accepted for publication December 6, 2004.
Acknowledgments: We would like to thank the collaboration of the Niono Health Center, the Office du Niger, the Institute dEconomie Rurale, Niono supervisors and village guides, and Yeya Touré, Robert Gwadz, and the members of the MRTC GIS Laboratory in Bamako for their advice and help.
Financial support: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Aeronautic and Space Administration through an Interagency Agreement Y3-AI-5059-03 with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and WARDA Africa Rice Center.
Authors’ addresses: Maria A. Diuk-Wasser, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, 60 College St., New Haven, CT 06510. Nicholas Manoukis and Charles E. Taylor, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, 621 Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606. Mahamoudou B. Touré, Guimogo Dolo, Nafomon Sogoba, and Sékou F. Traoré, Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie and
Odonto-Stomatologie, Université du Mali, Bamako, B.P. 1805, Mali.. Magaran Bagayoko, Conseiller sousrégional pour l’Afrique Central, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé, Bureau OMS du Gabon, BP 820, Libreville, Gabon.
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