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COINFECTION WITH PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM AND SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM: PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS ON MALARIA IN SENEGALESE CHILDREN?

Studies with animal models have suggested the possibility of interactions between parasites during concurrent infections and have raised the question of a similar phenomenon in humans. The present survey was undertaken to assess the impact of urinary schistosomiasis on the susceptibility of children to malaria. It was carried out in Senegal between September 2001 and March 2002 among 523 children 3–15 years of age. We tested the association between Plasmodium falciparum densities and the load of Schistosoma haematobium egg excretion using a linear mixed model because data were not independent. After controlling for age, sex, and season, we showed that children lightly infected with S. haematobium (1–9 eggs/10 mL of urine) had lower P. falciparum densities than those not infected (ß = –0.34, 95% confidence interval = –0.85, –0.10), suggesting a negative interaction between both parasites.

Received July 16, 2004. Accepted for publication December 23, 2004.

Acknowledgments: We thank the team of the Research Institute for Development in Dakar, and Daniel Couret (Research Institute for Development) for their assistance. We also thank Dr. Philippe Deloron and Jean-Philippe Chippaux (Research Institute for Development) for helpful discussions.

Financial support: This work was supported by a grant from the French Ministry of Research and Technology (Pal+ program) and by the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale.

Authors’ addresses: Valérie Briand, Jean-Yves Le Hesran, André Garcia, and Michel Cot, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche Santé de la Mère et d’Enfant en Milieu Tropical (Unité 010), Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris V, 4 Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France, Telephone: 33-1-53-73-96-22, Fax: 33-1-53-73-96-17, E-mails: vale.briand{at}laposte.net, jean-yves.lehesran{at}ird.fr, andre.garcia{at}ird.sn, and michel.cot{at}ird.fr. Laurence Watier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité d’Epidemiologie et de Biostatistiques (Unite 472), 16 Avenue Paul Vaillant-Couturier, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France, Telephone: 33-1-45-59-50-58, Fax: 33-1-45-59-51-69, E-mail: watier{at}vjf.inserm.fr.

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