AJTMH ASTMH MEMBERSHIP INFORMATION: astmh@astmh.org
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 72(5), 2005, pp. 612-615
Copyright © 2005 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in ISI Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (14)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by CRUZ, L.
Right arrow Articles by SUAREZ-RANGEL, G.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by CRUZ, L.
Right arrow Articles by SUAREZ-RANGEL, G.
Related Collections
Right arrow West Nile
Right arrow Alphaviruses
Right arrow Flaviviruses
Right arrow Arboviruses

SHORT REPORT


SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF WEST NILE VIRUS ACTIVITY IN EL SALVADOR

LILIAN CRUZ, VICTOR M. CARDENAS, MAURICIO ABARCA, TITO RODRIGUEZ, ROBERTO FLORES REYNA, MARIO V. SERPAS, ROBERT E. FONTAINE, DAVID W. C. BEASLEY, AMELIA P. A. TRAVASSOS DA ROSA, SCOTT C. WEAVER, ROBERT B. TESH, ANN M. POWERS, AND GLORIA SUAREZ-RANGEL
Field Epidemiology Training Program, Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare, San Salvador, El Salvador; University of Texas–Houston School of Public Health, El Paso Regional Campus, El Paso, Texas; University of Texas Medical Branch, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, and Department of Pathology, Galveston, Texas; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Fort Collins, Colorado; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of International Health, Atlanta, Georgia

 

ABSTRACT

Epizootics of encephalitis in El Salvador killed 203 equines between November 2001 and April 2003. During an investigation of the outbreaks, 18 (25%) of 73 serum samples collected from stablemates of deceased animals in 2003 had antibodies to West Nile virus. Ten of these infections were confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization tests, suggesting West Nile virus has extended its range and spread to Central America.

Received September 13, 2004. Accepted for publication November 3, 2004.

Acknowledgments: The authors thank Mr. Jorge Escobar, entomologist, and Dr. Miguel Castro for their valuable assistance in data collection. The support of the Ministry of Public Health and Welfare (MSPAS), Ministry of Agriculture (MAG), and Ministry for the Environment and Natural Resources (MARN) of El Salvador, and the U.S. Agency for International Development Mission in El Salvador, is greatly appreciated. The authors thank Mr. Wilfredo Fuentes and Mr. Rene Osorio of the Environmental Information System at MARN for providing us with valuable geographic information. We thank Mr. Michael Bristow for his valuable assistance in preparing Figure 1. We also thank Ms. Janae Raetz for excellent technical assistance. This research was supported by contract N01-AI25489 from the National Institutes of Health.

Authors’ addresses: Victor M. Cardenas, UT School of Public Health, El Paso Regional Campus, 1100 N. Stanton Ave., Suite 110F, El Paso, TX 79902, E-mail: vcardenas{at}utep.edu; Lilian Cruz, Mauricio Abarca, Tito Rodriguez, Roberto Flores Reyna, Mario V. Serpas, and Gloria Suarez-Rangel, Calle Avce 827, San Salvador, El Salvador, Central America; Ann M. Powers, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Rampert Rd (Foothills Campus), P.O. Box 2087, Fort Collins, CO 80522, Robert E. Fontaine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS-C08, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333; David W. C. Beasley, Amelia P. A. Travassos Da Rosa, Scott C. Weaver, and Robert B. Tesh, Department of Pathology, UTMB, 1.116 Keiller Bldg., Galveston, TX 77555-0609.

Reprint requests: Victor M. Cardenas, M.D., M.P.H., Ph.D., El Paso Regional Campus, University of Texas–Houston School of Public Health, 1100 N. Stanton Ave., Suite 110F, El Paso, TX 79902.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Am J Trop Med HygHome page
J. A. Farfan-Ale, M. A. Lorono-Pino, J. E. Garcia-Rejon, E. Hovav, A. M. Powers, M. Lin, K. S. Dorman, K. B. Platt, L. C. Bartholomay, V. Soto, et al.
Detection of RNA from a Novel West Nile-like Virus and High Prevalence of an Insect-specific Flavivirus in Mosquitoes in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico
Am J Trop Med Hyg, January 1, 2009; 80(1): 85 - 95.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Gen. Virol.Home page
A. T. Ciota, A. O. Lovelace, Y. Jia, L. J. Davis, D. S. Young, and L. D. Kramer
Characterization of mosquito-adapted West Nile virus
J. Gen. Virol., July 1, 2008; 89(7): 1633 - 1642.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Gen. Virol.Home page
A. T. Ciota, A. O. Lovelace, S. A. Jones, A. Payne, and L. D. Kramer
Adaptation of two flaviviruses results in differences in genetic heterogeneity and virus adaptability
J. Gen. Virol., September 1, 2007; 88(9): 2398 - 2406.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J Trop Med HygHome page
R. M. Moudy, M. A. Meola, L.-L. L. Morin, G. D. Ebel, and L. D. Kramer
A Newly Emergent Genotype of West Nile Virus Is Transmitted Earlier and More Efficiently by Culex Mosquitoes
Am J Trop Med Hyg, August 1, 2007; 77(2): 365 - 370.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Gen. Virol.Home page
A. T. Ciota, K. A. Ngo, A. O. Lovelace, A. F. Payne, Y. Zhou, P.-Y. Shi, and L. D. Kramer
Role of the mutant spectrum in adaptation and replication of West Nile virus
J. Gen. Virol., March 1, 2007; 88(3): 865 - 874.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J Trop Med HygHome page
J. A. FARFAN-ALE, B. J. BLITVICH, N. L. MARLENEE, M. A. LORONO-PINO, F. PUERTO-MANZANO, J. E. GARCIA-REJON, E. P. ROSADO-PAREDES, L. F. FLORES-FLORES, A. ORTEGA-SALAZAR, J. CHAVEZ-MEDINA, et al.
ANTIBODIES TO WEST NILE VIRUS IN ASYMPTOMATIC MAMMALS, BIRDS, AND REPTILES IN THE YUCATAN PENINSULA OF MEXICO.
Am J Trop Med Hyg, May 1, 2006; 74(5): 908 - 914.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.