| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
A cohort study involving 60 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative male transvestite commercial sex workers (CSWs) was conducted in Montevideo, Uruguay in 1999–2001. Serum samples were tested for HIV by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay screening with immunoblot confirmation. Six participants seroconverted for an incidence-density rate of 6.03 (95% confidence interval = 2.21–13.12) per 100 person-years. Inconsistent condom use during client sex (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 6.7), during oral sex (AHR = 5.6), and at the last sexual encounter (AHR = 7.8), and use of marihuana (AHR = 5.4) were marginally associated with HIV seroconversion. Five samples were genotyped in the protease and reverse transcriptase regions; three were subtypes B and two were BF recombinants. Full genome analysis of four samples confirmed all three subtype B samples and one of the two BF recombinants. Male transvestite CSWs sustained a high rate of HIV infection. Larger prospective studies are required to better define subtypes and associated sexual and drug-related risk factors.
Received August 24, 2004. Accepted for publication October 26, 2004.
Acknowledgments: We thank Gloria Chauca, Merly Sovero, and Maria Ester Gamero for their invaluable assistance with sample preparation instructions and handling. We also thank the administrative and field support personnel at the Uruguayan Ministry of Health for their invaluable time and advice.
Financial support: This work was supported by the U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (Rockville, MD) and by the U.S. Naval Medical Research Command (Silver Spring, MD) Work Unit No. (WUN) 62787A 873 H B0002.
Disclaimer: The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the authors and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the U.S. Department of the Navy or Army, the Department of Defense, or the Uruguayan Ministry of Health.
Author’s addresses: Jose Viñoles and Margarita Serra, HIV/AIDS National Control Program, Ministry of Health, Av. 18 de Julio 1892, 4to piso 11200, Montevideo, Uruguay. Jose C. Russi and Dora Ruchansky, Department of Laboratories of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Av. 8 de Octubre 2720 1er piso 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay, Telephone: 598-2-487-2516, Fax: 598-2-480-7014. Sergio Sosa-Estani and Mercedes Weissenbacher, Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Piso 11 (1121), Buenos Aires, Argentina, Telephone: 54-11-5950-9633 or 54-11-4508-3689, Fax: 54-11-4508-3705. Silvia M. Montano, Gladys Carrion, and James G. Olson, U.S. Naval Medical Research Center Detachment-Lima, Unit 3800, American Embassy-Lima, APO AA 34031-3800, Telephone: 51-1-561-2733, Fax: 51-1-561-3042. Lindsay M. Eyzaguirre, Jean K. Carr, Christian T. Bautista, and Jose L. Sanchez, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research and Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, Maryland. 1 Taft Court, Suite 250, Rockville, MD 20850, Telephone: 301-251-5077, Fax: 301-294-1898, E-mail: jsanchez{at}hivresearch.org.
Reprint requests: Jose L. Sanchez, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 1 Taft Court, Suite 250, Rockville, MD 20850.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  B A Botros, Q M Aliyev, M D Saad, A A Michael, J L Sanchez, J K Carr, and K C Earhart HIV infection and associated risk factors among long-distance truck drivers travelling through Azerbaijan Int J STD AIDS, July 1, 2009; 20(7): 477 - 482. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
