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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 72(3), 2005, pp. 325-329
Copyright © 2005 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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ORAL TRANSMISSION OF WEST NILE VIRUS IN A HAMSTER MODEL

ELENA SBRANA, JESSICA H. TONRY, SHU-YUAN XIAO, AMELIA P. A. TRAVASSOS DA ROSA, STEPHEN HIGGS, AND ROBERT B. TESH
Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

The results of experiments comparing the pathogenesis of West Nile virus (WNV) following infection by mosquito bite, needle inoculation, and ingestion are reported. Adult hamsters were readily infected by all three routes. The level and duration of viremia, clinical manifestations, pathology, and antibody response in the hamsters following mosquito infection and needle inoculation were similar; after oral infection, the onset of viremia was delayed and the mortality was lower, but the level and duration of viremia, histopathology, and antibody response were similar to the other routes. The results from this and previously published studies indicate that a wide variety of animal species are susceptible to oral infection with WNV and that orally infected animals develop a viremia and illness similar to that following the bite of infected mosquitoes. Oral infection appears to be an alternative transmission mechanism used by a number of different flaviviruses; its potential role in the natural history of WNV is discussed.

Received July 20, 2004. Accepted for publication August 11, 2004.

Acknowledgments: We thank Marina Siirin and Hilda Guzman for technical support and Dora Salinas for help in preparing the manuscript.

Financial support: This work was supported by contracts N01-AI25489 and N01-AI30027 from the National Institutes of Health and cooperative agreements U50/CCU 62054103 and U50/CCU620539 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Authors’ addresses: Elena Sbrana, Jessica H. Tonry, Shu-Yuan Xiao, Amelia P. A. Travassos da Rosa, Stephen Higgs, and Robert B. Tesh, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555.

Reprint requests: Robert B. Tesh, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, Telephone: 409-747-2431, Fax: 409-747-2429, E-mail: rtesh{at}utmb.edu.




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Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.