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PHYLOGEOGRAPHY AND POPULATION STRUCURE OF AEDES AEGYPTI IN ARIZONA

Aedes aegypti, the mosquito responsible for transmitting dengue, has colonized many cities and towns throughout Arizona. Determining both the migration between, and the origin of, local Ae. aegypti populations is important for vector control and disease prevention purposes. Amplified fragment length polymorphism was used to infer geographic structure and local substructure, and effective migration rates (M, migrants per generation) between populations, and to determine genetic differentiation between populations (_PT). Three geographically and genetically differentiated groups of populations were identified. Population substructure was only detected in the border town of Nogales. Reliable estimates of M between regions ranged from 1.02 to 3.41 and between cities within regions from 1.66 to 4.44. In general, pairwise _PT were lowest between cities within regions. The observed patterns of genetic differentiation suggest infrequent migration between populations and are compatible with the idea of human transport facilitating dispersal between regions.

Received May 7, 2004. Accepted for publication September 17, 2004.

Acknowledgments: We thank Adilelkhidir Bala and the staff of the Harris County Health Department Mosquito Control Division (Houston, TX), Suzanne Hammer (University of Arizona), George O’Meara (Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Vero Beach, FL), and T. Michael Fink and Craig Levy (Arizona Department of Health Services Vector Borne and Zoonotic Disease Section, Phoenix, AZ) for contributing field samples. We also thank Matt Kaplan, Taylor Edwards, Kathleen Walker, and Jason Wilder for helpful comments. Molecular work was conducted at the University of Arizona Genomic Analysis and Technology Core.

Note: The appendix to this manuscript appears online at www.ajtmh.org.

Financial support: This study was supported in part by Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service-Integrated Pest Management funds through the College of Agriculture at the University of Arizona, and by the Undergraduate Biology Research Program to Samuel A. Merrill, funded by a grant from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (Chevy Chase, MD).

Authors’ addresses: Samuel A. Merrill, Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8226, St. Louis, MO, 63108. Frank B. Ramberg, and Henry H. Hagedorn, Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, 1140 E. South Campus Drive, Forbes Room 410, PO Box 210036, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0036, E-mail: hagedorn{at}ag.arizona.edu.

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