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DIFFERENCE IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MALARIA BETWEEN TWO SYMPATRIC ETHNIC GROUPS IN MALI

We compared malaria indicators among sympatric groups to study human heterogeneities in the response to Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection. Four cross-sectional surveys and two longitudinal surveys in two sympatric ethnic groups (Dogon and Fulani) in Mali were carried out from 1998 to 2000. Spleen and parasite rates were evaluated during the cross-sectional surveys and disease incidence was assessed during longitudinal surveys. In spite of similar sociocultural factors and entomologic inoculation rates between ethnic groups, the Fulani had a significantly higher spleen enlargement rate, lower parasite rate, and were less affected by the disease than the Dogon group, whose frequency of hemoglobin C was higher than that recorded among the Fulani group. The Fulani group had significantly higher levels of IgG and IgE against crude malaria antigen than the Dogon group, suggesting a role of anti-malaria antibodies in the immune protection seen in this group.

Received June 24, 2004. Accepted for publication September 4, 2004.

Acknowledgments: We thank the rector of the University of Bamako for his support and the population of the different villages in the study area for their cooperation. We are grateful to staff from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease and Family Health International for their comments during the preparation of this paper.

Financial support: This study was supported by grants from the Tropical Disease Research/World Health Organization (re-entry grant T16/181/456ID.970889) and the European Union (IC18-CT98-0361), and by a grant from the Swedish Agency for Research Cooperation with Developing Countries (SAREC) and the Swedish Medical Research Council.

Authors’ addresses: Amagana Dolo, Boubacar Maiga, Modibo Daou, Guimogo Dolo, Hamadoun Guindo, Mamadou Ba, Hama Maiga, Drissa Coulibaly, Yeya Tiemoko Touré, and Ogobara Doumbo, Malaria Research and Training Center, Département d’Epidémiologie des Affections Parasitaires, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d’Odonto-Stomatologie, BP 1805 Bamako, Mali, Telephone/Fax: 223-222-8109, E-mail: adolo{at}mrtcbko.org. David Modiano and Mario Coluzzi, Dipartimento di Scienze di Sanita Pubblica, Sezione di Parassitologia, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Malaria Epidemiology and Control, University of Rome, La Sa-pienza, 00185, Rome, Italy. Hedvig Perlman and Marita Troye Blomberg, Department of Immunology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.

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