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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 72(3), 2005, pp. 236-242
Copyright © 2005 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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RISK FACTORS FOR PLACENTAL MALARIA AND ITS EFFECT ON PREGNANCY OUTCOME IN YAOUNDE, CAMEROON

ERNEST A. TAKO, AINONG ZHOU, JULIENNE LOHOUE, ROBERT LEKE, DIANE WALLACE TAYLOR, AND ROSE F. G. LEKE
Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Reiss Science Center, Washington, District of Columbia; AZ DataClinic Inc., Rockville, Maryland; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The Biotechnology Center, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon

Between 1996 and 2001, the prevalence of placental malaria in pregnant women living in Yaounde, Cameroon and its effect on pregnancy outcome were evaluated with respect to gravidity and maternal age. Results showed that 19.9% of the women had placental malaria at delivery. After adjusting for relevant covariates, the major risk factor for placental malaria was an age < 25 years old. Placental malaria significantly increased the prevalence of anemia in women regardless of gravidity or age. In addition, the mean infant birth weight was lower and the percentage of pre-term deliveries (PTDs) and low birth weight (LBW) babies were higher in primigravidae and women < 20 years of age who had placental malaria. However, in a multivariate regression model taking relevant covariates into consideration, the major risk factor for PTDs was maternal anemia, and maternal anemia as well as first and second pregnancies were important risk factors for LBW babies.

Received May 17, 2004. Accepted for publication September 21, 2004.

Acknowledgments: We express our gratitude to all the Cameroonian women who participated in the study. This study could not have been possible without the help and technical support of many people at the Biotechnology Center, University of Yaounde 1. We would like to express our appreciation to the following people: Victorine Adjemo, Chantal Angoand, Andre Bassom, Rosine Djokam, Catherine Ebot, Sariette Edjangue, Josephine Fogako, Cecile Fogouong, Henriette Fosso, Genevieve Fouda, Ryllindis Fualem, Efua Leke, Rosette Megnekou, Sabine Metekong, Simon Metenou, Marie-Claude Nankeu, Leopold Ndountse, Rose Nga, Daisy Nodi, Agnes Ntsama, Daniel Ondoua, Edith Pensia, Christopher Richards, Marie-Claire Soumbo, Armosolo Surguitan, Esther Usongo, and Andre Zaiya.

Financial support: This work was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (grant numbers UO1AI-35893 and UO1AI-43888).

Authors’ addresses: Ernest A. Tako and Diane Wallace Taylor, Room 406, Reiss Science Center, Department of Biology, George-town University, 37th and O Streets, NW, Washington, DC 20057, Telephone: 202-687-5972, Fax: 202 687-5662, E-mails: et72{at}georgetown.edu and taylordw{at}georgetown.edu. Ainong Zhou, AZ DataClinic, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, Telephone: 240-476-2148, E-mail: zhoua1{at}georgetown.edu. Julienne Lohoue, Robert Leke, and Rose F.G. Leke, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The Biotechnology Center, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon, Telephone: 237-233-7479, E-mails: rose.leke{at}camnet.cm and robert.leke{at}camnet.cm.

Reprint requests: Diane Wallace Taylor, Room 406, Reiss Science Center, Department of Biology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, NW, Washington, DC 20057.




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