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Knowledge of mosquito dispersal is critical for vector-borne disease control and prevention strategies and for understanding population structure and pathogen dissemination. We determined Aedes aegypti flight range and dispersal patterns from 21 mark-release-recapture experiments conducted over 11 years (1991–2002) in Puerto Rico and Thailand. Dispersal was compared by release location, sex, age, season, and village. For all experiments, the majority of mosquitoes were collected from their release house or adjacent house. Inter-village movement was detected rarely, with a few mosquitoes moving a maximum of 512 meters from one Thai village to the next. Average dispersal distances were similar for males and females and females released indoors versus outdoors. The movement of Ae. aegypti was not influenced by season or age, but differed by village. Results demonstrate that adult Ae. aegypti disperse relatively short distances, suggesting that people rather than mosquitoes are the primary mode of dengue virus dissemination within and among communities.
Received March 9, 2004. Accepted for publication May 30, 2004.
Acknowledgements: We are indebted to the people of Yanes III, Puerto Rico; Village 6 Hua Sam Rong; and the villages of Pai Lom, Lao Bao, and Mae Kasa, Mae Sot, Thailand, for allowing us to work in their homes and their support, cooperation, and assistance with this study. We thank Dr. W. Swaddigwongporni and Dr. J. Pradit and all of the members of the Community Health Program at Mae Sot Hospital, Pirom Sangsuab at Hua Sam Rong Health Center, and Boonruang Yakeaw at Mae Pa Health Center for their support. From AFRIMS in Bangkok, Somporn Changimongkol, Alongkot Ponlawat, Warisa Tangjinjai, Siriporn Mungviriya, and Patcharee Khongtak assisted with the Thai field studies. Health volunteers Porapol Meungcheun and Lan Chummoi assisted with releases. Benjamas Pongnapakul assisted as a driver. Somboon Intawong, Pornchai Harujai, Aun Manowong, Chaiwut Lerchai, Somboon Kantang, Manit Chaiya, Chatree Chumpen, and Boonkuea Malisor assisted with collections in the Mae Sot region. Somboon Srimarat, Kitti Theinthong, and Samnieng Theinthong assisted with research and collections in the Hua Sam Rong region. We also thank Daniel Strickman for the Hua Sam Rong Village 6 map and Elizabeth Kurrle for creating the Mae Sot region maps.
Financial support: This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health grant AI-22119.
Authors’ addresses: Laura C. Harrington, Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, Telephone: 607-255-4475, Fax: 607-255-0939, E-mail: lch27{at}cornell.edu. Thomas W. Scott and John D. Edman, Department of Entomology, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8584, E-mails: twscott{at}ucdqavis.edu and jdedman{at}ucdavis.edu. Kriangkrai Lerdthusnee, Russell C. Coleman, James J. Jones, and Ratana Sithiprasasna, Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand, E-mails: Colemanre{at}amedd.army.mil, james.jones{at}afrims.org and ratanas{at}afrims.org. Adriana Costero, Medical Entomology Section. Laboratory of Parasitic Diuseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0425, E-mail: acostero{at}niaid.hih.gov. Gary G. Clark, Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, PR 00920-3860, E-mail: ggc1{at}cdc.gov. Sangvorn Kitthawee, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, E-mail: grskt{at}mucc.mahidol.ac.th. Pattamaporn Kittayapong, Center for Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases and Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, E-mail: grpkt{at}mucc.mahidol.ac.th.
Reprint requests: Laura C. Harrington, Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850.
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