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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 72(2), 2005, pp. 198-200
Copyright © 2005 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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SHORT REPORT: OBSERVATIONS ON THE MULTIPLE FEEDING BEHAVIOR OF CULEX TRITAENIORHYNCHUS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE), THE VECTOR OF JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS IN KERALA IN SOUTHERN INDIA

N. ARUNACHALAM, P. PHILIP SAMUEL, J. HIRIYAN, R. RAJENDRAN, AND A. P. DASH
Centre for Research in Medical Entomology, Chinna Chokkikulam Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India

 

ABSTRACT

A study was undertaken in villages endemic for Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Kerala in southern India during the period 1998–2001 to determine the host-feeding pattern of Culex tritaeniorhynchus, the major vector of JE in southeast Asia. A total of 3,067 blood-engorged Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were tested and 2,553 (82.2%) of the samples could be identified. Culex tritaeniorhynchus had fed mainly (56.6%) on cattle. Pig feeding accounted 6.3% of the total samples. Some samples (n = 980, 38.3%) were of serologic mixed origin. Of 980 mixed blood-fed mosquitoes, 975 (99.5%) had imbibed blood from two distinct hosts and 5 (0.5%) imbibed blood from three distinct hosts. Mixed blood meals were mostly (96.7%) from cattle and goats. The epidemiologic implications of multiple feeding of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus on dampening (dead-end) hosts such as cattle and goats in the transmission of JE virus is discussed.

Received June 9, 2004. Accepted for publication August 13, 2004.

Acknowledgments: We thank A. Veerapathiran, V. K. Alagan, and V. Rajamannar for excellent technical assistance. We appreciate the excellent help provided by A. Venkatesh in preparation of this manuscript, particularly in the desktop publishing work.

Financial support: The authors are grateful to the Regional Office of South-East Asia/World Health Organization (New Delhi, India) for financial support (Project no. SN 1094).

Authors’ address: N. Arunachalam, P. Philip Samuel, J. Hiriyan, R. Rajendran, and A. P. Dash, Centre for Research in Medical Entomology, 4 Sarojini Street, Chinna Chokkikulam Madurai, 625 002 Tamil Nadu, India, Telephone: 91-452-253-1430, Fax: 91-452-253-0660, E-mail: crmeicmr{at}satyam.net.in.




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