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Sand flies inject saliva into the mammalian host when probing for a blood meal. Understanding the initial vertebrate reactions against sand fly saliva is important for possible interventions because these insects transmit diseases to humans and other animals. Little is known of these reactions to New World sand flies. Repeated exposure of BALB/c mice to Lutzomyia longipalpis bites leads to local inflammatory cell infiltration comprised of neutrophils, macrophages, and eosinophils. Total IgG and IgG1 antibodies react predominantly with three major protein bands (45, 44, and 16 kD) of the insect saliva by Western blot. The injection of immune serum previously incubated with salivary gland homogenate induced an early infiltration with neutrophils and macrophages, suggesting the participation of immune complexes in triggering inflammation.
Received May 17, 2004. Accepted for publication September 8, 2004.
Acknowledgments: We thank Edivaldo Passos for technical assistance with the insect colony and Robert Thompson (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) for helpful discussions.
Financial support: This work was supported by Tropical Medicine Research Center grant A130639 from the National Institutes of Health. Francinaldo Silva was supported by Coordenação de Aper-feiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) (Brazil). Regis Gomes is the recipient of a Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) fellowship. Aldina Barral and Manoel Barral-Netto are Senior Investigators of the CNPq.
Authors’ addresses: Francinaldo Silva, Regis Gomes, Deboraci Prates, José C. Miranda, Bruno Andrade, Manoel Barral-Netto, and Aldina Barral, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, R. Waldemar Falcão, 121, Brotas, 40.295-001, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Reprint requests: Aldina Barral, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, R. Waldemar Falcão, 121, Brotas, 40.295-001, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, Telephone: 55-71-356-4320 extension 215, Fax: 55-71-356-2255, E-mail: abarral{at}cpqgm.fiocruz.br.
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