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HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME IN CENTRAL BOLIVIA: RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN RESERVOIR HOSTS, HABITATS, AND VIRAL GENOTYPES

In August 2002, two cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) were confirmed in Mineros and Concepción, within the Santa Cruz Department of Bolivia. Extensive alteration of the native ecosystem, from dense forest to pasture or sugarcane, had occurred in both regions. An ecologic assessment of reservoir species associated with the human disease identified a single hantavirus antibody-positive Oligoryzomys microtis from Mineros and three hantavirus antibody-positive Calomys callosus from Concepción. In Mineros, the virus from the O. microtis was 90% similar to sequences published for Río Mamoré virus. Viral nucleotide sequences from two C. callosus were 87–88% similar to the sequence of Laguna Negra virus. The viral sequence from the C. callosus was 99% identical to viral sequences obtained from the HPS patient in this area, implicating C. callosus as the host and Laguna Negra virus as the agent responsible for the HPS case near Concepción.

Received November 24, 2003. Accepted for publication January 22, 2004.

Acknowledgments: We are grateful for technical help provided by Rosa Rios and Tania Garron (Bolivian National Center for Tropical Diseases) and Roger Castillos (Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Lima, Peru), as well as administrative support from Gloria Talledo and Carolina Guevara (Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Lima, Peru).

Financial support: This work was supported in part by The Department of Defense Global Emerging Infectious Surveillance Program and Brigham Young University.

Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense, the Department of the Navy, or the U.S. Government.

Authors’ addresses: Darin S. Carroll, James N. Mills, Joel M. Montgomery, Stuart T. Nichol, and Thomas G. Ksiazek, Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop A-26, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, E-mail: dcarroll{at}cdc.gov. Daniel G. Bausch, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, SL-17, J. B. Johnston Building, Room 511, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112. Patrick J. Blair, James P. Burans, Vidal Felices, James G. Olson, and Milagros Salazar, U.S. Navy, Medical Research Detachment Lima, Peru, Unit Number 3800, American Embassy, APO AA 34031–3800. Alberto Gianella and Naomi Iihosi, Centro Nacional de Enfermedades Tropicales, Bolivian National Center for Tropical Diseases, 2do. Anillo esq. Av. Centenario, Casilla 2974, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. Duke S. Rogers, 401 WIDB, Department of Integrative Biology and M. L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602–5181.

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