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The purpose of this study was to characterize the hantaviruses circulating in northwestern Argentina. Human and rodent studies were conducted in Yuto, where most cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) occur. Partial virus genome sequences were obtained from the blood of 12 cases of HPS, and from the lungs of 4 Calomys callosus and 1 Akodon simulator. Phylogenetic analysis showed that three genotypes associated with HPS circulate in Yuto. Laguna Negra (LN) virus, associated with C. laucha in Paraguay, was identified for the first time in Argentina; it was recovered from human cases and from C. callosus samples. The high sequence identity between human and rodent samples implicated C. callosus as the primary rodent reservoir for LN virus in Yuto. The genetic analysis showed that the Argentinian LN virus variant differed 16.8% at the nucleotide level and 2.9% at the protein level relative to the Paraguayan LN virus. The other two hantavirus lineages identified were the previously known Bermejo and Orán viruses.
Received August 5, 2003. Accepted for publication July 15, 2004.
Acknowledgments: We thank Dr. S. Morzunov and Dr. John Boone for critical review of the manuscript; Verónica Fasciani for technical assistance; and Horacio López, Germán ODuyer, Cesar Polidoro, Enrique Serrrano, Miguel Canchi, Alberto Segobia, Julio Gil, Bernardino Perez, Monica Diaz, and David Flores for their technical field work.
Financial support: This research was supported by the Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS), Ministerio de Salud Pública de la Nación, Argentina; Ministerio de Salud Pública de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; and National Institutes of Health grant 1R01 AI-45059.
Authors addresses: Silvana Levis, Jorge Garcia, Noemí Pini, Gladys Calderón, and Delia Enria, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui, Monteagudo 2510, 2700 Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Telephone: 54-2477-433044, Fax: 54-2477-433045, E-mail: inevh{at}satlink.com. Josefina Ramírez and Elena Lozano, Hospital San Miguel, 4518 Yuto, Jujuy, Argentina, Telephone 54-3886-498015. Daniel Bravo, Hospital Oscar Orías, San Martin 66, 4512 Libertador Gral. San Martín, Jujuy, Argentina, Telephone 54-3886-42728. Stephen St. Jeor and Mariana Bego, Department of Microbiology, Howard Building 320, Room 146, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, Telephone: 702-784-6161, Fax: 702-784-1620, E-mail: stjeor{at}med.unr.edu. Carlos Ripoll, Dirección de Epidemiología, San Martin 41, 4600 San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina, Telephone 54-388-4221300. Rubén Barquez, Fundación Miguel Lillo, M. Lillo 205, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina, Telephone 54-381-4330888. Thomas G. Ksiazek, Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, Telephone: 404-371-5329, Fax: 404-371-5449.
Reprint requests: Silvana Levis, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui, Monteagudo 2510, 2700 Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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