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This study evaluated if the Aedes aegypti population in the city of Cali, Colombia was composed of genetically distinct local populations with different levels of insecticide resistance and dengue vector competence. Insecticide resistance was assayed biochemically and was associated with varying levels of mixed-function oxidases and non-specific esterases. The genes encoding those enzymes were under selective pressure from insecticides used to suppress Ae. aegypti populations. Vector competence showed heterogeneity among the vector populations ranging from 19% to 60%. Population genetic analysis of random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction products, expressed as genetic distance, Wright’s Fst, and migration rate (Nm), demonstrated moderate genetic differentiation among Ae. aegypti from four sites (Fst = 0.085). The results from all characteristics evaluated in the study demonstrated spatial and temporal variation between Ae. aegypti populations. At any specific time, the local populations of Ae. aegypti were genetically differentiated and unique with respect to insecticide resistance and vector competence. Both characteristics changed independently.
Received June 16, 2003. Accepted for publication October 22, 2003.
Acknowledgments: We are grateful to Dr. Nancy Gore Saravia for her valuable comments and advice during the preparation of this manuscript. We thank Dr. Ken Olson for reviewing the manuscript and, together with Dr. Kristine Bennett (Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO), for advice and technical assistance in the assessment of vector competence studies. We also thank Dr. William Brogdon (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA) for his advice on biochemical tests and for reviewing the manuscript, Dr. Patricia Dorn (Loyola University, New Orleans, LA) for her advice on population genetic analysis, and the personnel of the Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Medicas for logistic support.
Financial support: This work was partially supported by a Doctoral Fellowship from the Instituto Colombiano para el Desarrollo de la Ciencia y la Tecnologia Francisco José de Caldas (COLCIENCIAS), Colombia government, 1996–2000, the World Health Organization Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), 2000, a TDR Research Training Grant no. M8/181/4/0.176, a Tulane Department of Tropical Medicine Scholarship, 2000–2002, the Lewis T. Graham Student Research Award, the Louisiana Mosquito Control Association, 2001, and the Coypu Foundation of Louisiana, 2002.
Authors’ addresses: Clara B. Ocampo, Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Medicas, Av. 1a N #3 - 03, Cali, Colombia, Fax: 57-2-667-2989, E-mail: claraocampo{at}cideim.org.co. Dawn M. Wesson, Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL17, New Orleans, LA 70112.
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