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We describe the epidemiology of malaria in San Dulakudar, a village in Sundargarh District in the state of Orissa in eastern India. Malaria transmission is perennial with Plasmodium falciparum, accounting for greater than 80% of malaria cases. Transmission intensity varies with season with high transmission after the monsoon rains in autumn and winter, low transmission in summer, and intermediate transmission in spring. The anthropophagic mosquito Anopheles fluviatilis was identified as the main vector for malaria transmission. Based on observations of spleen rates and supported by data on malaria parasite prevalence and malaria incidence, San Dulakudar can be classified as a hyperendemic area for P. falciparum malaria. Parasite prevalence and malaria incidence rates decrease with age, suggesting that residents of San Dulakudar develop immunity to malaria. The study demonstrates the presence of regions in the Indian subcontinent such as Sundargarh District where P. falciparum is the primary cause of malaria and where malaria transmission rates are comparable to those found in many parts of Africa.
Received November 24, 2003. Accepted for publication April 14, 2004.
Acknowledgments: We thank Dr. V. P. Sharma for encouraging us to initiate this study and Dr. Sarala Subbarao for continued support. Chetan E. Chitnis is an International Senior Research Fellow of The Wellcome Trust (United Kingdom) and International Research Scholar of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
Financial support: This work was supported by an International Senior Research Fellowship from The Wellcome Trust (United Kingdom) and a grant from the Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi.
* These authors contributed equally to this paper.
Authors’ addresses: Surya K. Sharma and Prajesh K. Tyagi, Malaria Research Centre Field Station, Sector-5, Rourkela 769002, Orissa, India, Telephone: 91-661-264-7300, Fax: 91-661-264-1207, E-mail: rkl_mrcrkl{at}sancharnet.in. Rana Chattopadhyay, Malaria Program, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue Silver Spring, MD 20910, Telephone: 301-319-7310, Fax: 301-319-7545, E-mail: chattopadhyayr{at}nmrc.navy.mil. Kausik Chakrabarti, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, Telephone: 860- 679-1726, Fax: 860-679-8140, E-mail: kausiik{at}eml.cc. Sudhanshu S. Pati, Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela, 769005, Orissa, India, Telephone: 91-661-264-0542, Fax: 91-661-264 2703, E-mail: rkl_sspati{at}sancharnet.in. Vinod K. Srivastava, Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela, 769005, Orissa, In-dia, Telephone: 91-661-247-0641, Fax: 91-661-264-2703, E-mail: salliedhealth{at}hotmail.com. Sanjib Mahanty, Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela, 769005, Orissa, India, Telephone/Fax: 91-661-264-5252, E-mail: sanjibmalaria{at}rediffmail.com. Saroj K. Misra, Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela, 769005, Orissa, India, Telephone: 91-661-264-0504, Fax: 91-661-264-5252, E-mail: rkl_soroj{at}sancharnet.in. Trid-ibes Adak, Malaria Research Centre, 2 Nanak Enclave, Delhi 110009, India, Telephone/Fax: 91-11-2723-4234, E-mail: adak{at}mrcindia.org. Bhabani S. Das, Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela, 769005, Orissa, India, Telephone: 91-661-251-0641, Fax: 91-661-251-0085, E-mail: rkl_swetadas{at}sancharnet.in. Chetan E. Chitnis, Malaria Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India, Telephone/Fax: 91-11-2618-7695, E-mail: cchitnis{at}icgeb.res.in.
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