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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 71(2), 2004, pp. 211-215
Copyright © 2004 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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HUMAN LOIASIS IN A CAMEROONIAN VILLAGE: A DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED, CROSSOVER CLINICAL TRIAL OF A THREE-DAY ALBENDAZOLE REGIMEN

TABE-EBOB TABI, ROSA BEFIDI-MENGUE, THOMAS B. NUTMAN, JOHN HORTON, ALAIN FOLEFACK, EDITH PENSIA, RELLINDS FUALEM, JOSEPHINE FOGAKO, PHILOMENE GWANMESIA, ISABELLA QUAKYI, AND ROSE LEKE
Biotechnology Center, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; GlaxoSKB, Brentford, United Kingdom; Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia

Because of the life-threatening, post-treatment reactions that have occurred in patients with loiasis treated with ivermectin, evaluation of a short-course albendazole regimen was undertaken in a Loa-endemic region of Cameroon. In a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, crossover study, 99 subjects with microfilaremia (100–3,3837/mL) were assigned to receive albendazole (400 mg; n = 48) or placebo (n = 51) for three days and were followed for 180 days; at day 180, the groups were crossed over and followed for an additional six months. In those initially receiving albendazole (ALB/PLAC), microfilarial levels decreased significantly by day 90 (P < 0.043), but returned to baseline by day 180. In those receiving albendazole at day 180 (PLAC/ALB), microfilarial levels also decreased following albendazole (P = 0.005). Blood eosinophil and antifilarial IgG levels did not change significantly for either group, although antifilarial IgG4 levels did in the ALB/PLAC group at day 180. Most subjects continued to have elevations in microfilaremia, suggesting that more intensive regimens of albendazole will be necessary to reduce Loa microfilaremia to levels safe enough to allow for ivermectin use.

Received November 30, 2003. Accepted for publication February 5, 2004.

Authors’ addresses: Tabe-Ebob Tabi, Alain Folefack, Edith Pensia, Rellinds Fualem, Josephine Fogako, Philomene Gwanmesia, and Rose Leke, Biotechnology Center, Yaoundé, Cameroon. Rosa Be-fidi-Mengue, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon. Thomas B. Nutman, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, Telephone: 301-496-5398, Fax: 301-480-3757, E-mail: tnutman{at}niaid.nih.gov. John Horton, GlaxoSKB, Brentford TW8 9BD, United Kingdom. Isabella Quayki, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon Ghana.






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Copyright © 2004 by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.