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ANTIBODIES TO RIFIN: A COMPONENT OF NATURALLY ACQUIRED RESPONSES TO PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM VARIANT SURFACE ANTIGENS ON INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES

We used a pool of recombinant rifin proteins to pre-adsorb antibodies to rifin in the plasma of semi-immune African (Gabonese) adults and showed that this results in a reduction in the level of IgG antibody reactivity to variant surface antigens (VSA) measured in a standardized flow cytometric assay with a panel of heterologous parasite isolates. The same methods demonstrated a similar but less-marked contribution of antibodies to the duffy binding-like 1 (DBL-1 ) domain to the overall anti-VSA response. Thus, we conclude that both antibodies to rifin and, to a lesser extent, antibodies directed to conserved regions of the Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) DBL-1 domain contribute to the overall antibody response to VSA. We also assessed the associations between these different antibody responses in a cohort of Gabonese children. We found marked differences related to the childrens’ history of presentation with either mild or severe malaria, but no consistent pattern that would indicate a specific role or influence of antibody responses to rifin.

Received October 27, 2003. Accepted for publication February 11, 2004.

Acknowledgments: We are indebted to the study participants for their willing and enthusiastic cooperation and to the staff of the Albert Schweitzer Hospital in Lambaréné. We also thank Anselme Ndzengé and Marcel Nkeyi for technical assistance. The 1/95-C study was initiated in 1995 and inclusion into the study was completed in 1996. Follow-up surveillance continued until February 2002. We acknowledge the important contribution to the data included in this manuscript of the following members of the study team: Ruprecht Schmidt-Ott, Leopold G. Lehman, Doris Luckner, Bernhard Greve, Peter Matousek, Klaus Herbich, Daniela Schmid, Milena Sovric, Birgit Bojowald, Hanna Rudloff, Andreas Schindler, and Michel A. Missinou. Mohamed S. Abdel-Latif expresses his gratitude to Dr. Mo Quen Klinkert for her support.

Financial support: This study was supported by the fortune programme of the Medical Faculty of the University of Tuebingen (863-0-1), by the European Commission (QLK2-CT-2002-01197), and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, Ku775/12-1).

Authors’ address: Mohamed S. Abdel-Latif, Gerardo Cabrera, Carsten Köhler, Peter G. Kremsner, and Adrian J. F. Luty, Department of Parasitology, Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.

Reprint requests: Adrian J. F. Luty, Department of Parasitology, Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, 72074 Tübingen, Germany, Telephone: 49-7071-2980228, Fax: 49-7071-295189, E-mail: adrian.luty{at}uni-tuebingen.de.

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