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GENETIC COMPLEXITY OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM IN TWO ETHNIC GROUPS OF BURKINA FASO WITH MARKED DIFFERENCES IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MALARIA

We have characterized Plasmodium falciparum genotypes among the Mossi and Fulani sympatric ethnic groups in villages in Burkina Faso during the rainy season. Differences in clinical malaria presentation and in immune responses to malaria occur between the two groups. Asexual parasite rate, density, and gametocyte rate were higher among the Mossi than the Fulani. There was no difference in frequencies of alleles of the P. falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 (msp-1), msp-2, and glutamate-rich protein (glurp) genes among the parasites in each group. However, there were significant differences in the mean number of P. falciparum clones in the two populations, with there being more in the Mossi than in the Fulani. This effect was especially marked in older children. These differences can most probably be attributed to genetic differences in immune responsiveness to malaria between the two ethnic groups.

Received October 13, 2003. Accepted for publication January 8, 2004.

Acknowledgments: We thank all the villagers, especially the children of Bassy and Zanga, for their help and cooperation.

Financial support: This study was supported by the European Commission (grant no. ERB1C18 CT98 0361) and the United Kingdom Medical Research Council (grant no. G8009302).

Authors’ addresses: Giacomo M. Paganotti and Federica Verra, Instituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti and Dipartimento di Scienze di Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Parassitologia, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. Hamza A. Babiker, Margaret J. Mackinnon, and David Walliker, Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, Scotland, United Kingdom, Telephone: 44-31-650-8658, Fax: 44-31-650-6564, E-mail: H.Babiker{at}ed.ac.uk. David Modiano, and Mario Coluzzi, Dipartimento di Scienze di Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Parassitologia, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. Bienvenu S. Sirima, Amadou Konaté, André L. Ouédraogo, and Amidou Diarra, Centre National de Recherche et Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

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