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HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1 AND OTHER VIRAL CO-INFECTIONS AMONG YOUNG HETEROSEXUAL MEN AND WOMEN IN ARGENTINA

Infections with hepatitis C virus, (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and human T lymphotropic type I/II (HTLV-I/II) virus are commonly found in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We conducted a seroepidemiologic study among 174 HIV-positive heterosexuals in Buenos Aires, Argentina in 1999. Evidence of exposure to HCV, HBV, and HTLV-I/II was found in 32%, 17%, and 5%, respectively. A higher prevalence of HBV infection was observed among males (33%) compared with females (12%; P < 0.05). Among women, a prior history of a sexually transmitted infection, injecting drug use (IDU), having had more than five lifetime sex partners, and having exchanged sex-for-goods were significantly associated with HCV infection, whereas an IDU history, syringe sharing, and having exchanged sex-for-goods were found to be associated with HBV infection. Among men, an IDU history and syringe/needle sharing were significantly associated with HCV infection. The IDU-related and sexual transmission of hepatitis viruses constitute a significant problem among young, HIV-infected, heterosexuals in Argentina.

Received November 4, 2003. Accepted for publication February 9, 2004.

Acknowledgments: We thank the field workers and staff of the Hospital de Clínicas Jose de San Martin for assistance in the processing of serum specimens. We also thank Warren Sateren (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research) and Christian Bautista (Naval Medical Research Center Detachment in Lima) for reviewing the data and the manuscript.

Disclaimer: The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the writers and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Argentinean Ministry of Health or of the United States Department of Defense.

Authors’ addresses: María de los Angeles Pando, Mirna M. Biglione, Silvia Gianni, Liliana Martinez-Peralta, Horacio Salomón, and Maria M. Ávila, Centro Nacional de Referencia para el SIDA, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Piso 11, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires. Argentina, Telephone: 54-11-4508-3689/3671, Fax: 54-11-4508-3705, E-mails: mpando{at}fmed.uba.ar, mbiglione{at}fmed.uba.ar, silviaserman{at}infovia.com.ar, lilimp{at}fmed.uba.ar, hsalomon{at}fmed.uba.ar, and mavila{at}fmed.uba.ar. Mauro Fernández Toscano and Jorge A. Rey, Laboratorio de Hemoterapia. Hospital de Clínicas Jose de San Martín, Av. Córdoba 2351, Piso 3, CP 1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Telephone: 54-11-5950-8772, Fax: 54-11-5950-8769, E-mails: mfertos{at}yahoo.com.ar and jrey{at}arnet.com.ar. Kevin L. Russell, Respiratory Disease Laboratory. Department of Defense Center for Deployment Health Research, Naval Health Research Center, PO Box 85122, San Diego, CA 92186, Telephone: 619-553-7628, Fax: 619-553-7601, E-mail: Russell{at}nhrc.navy.mil. Monica Negrete, Silvia M. Montano, and James G. Olson, U.S. Naval Medical Research Center Detachment (NMRCD)-Lima, Peru. Unit 3800, APO-AA 34031-3800, Telephone: 51-1-561 2733, Fax: 51-1-561 3042, E-mails: mnegreteg{at}yahoo.com, smontano{at}nmrcd.med.navy.mil, and olson{at}nmrcd.med.navy.mil. Sergio Sosa-Estani, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación de Endemoepidemias (CeNDIE) ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, A. Paseo Colón 568 (C1063ACS), Buenos Aires. Argentina, Telephone: 54-11-4331-4010, Fax: 54-11-4331-2536, E-mail: ssosaestani{at}abaconet.com.ar. José L. Sanchez and Jean K. Carr, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research and Henry M. Jackson Foundation, 1 Taft Court, Suite 250, Rockville, MD 20850, Telephone: 301-251-5077, Fax: 301-294-1898, E-mails: jsanchez{at}hivresearch.org and Jcarr{at}hivresearch.org.

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