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ANALYSIS OF CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN–SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSES FOLLOWING RECENT INFECTION WITH PLASMODIUM VIVAX

CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells are involved in immunity to the pre-erythrocytic stage of malaria. This study has been undertaken to define T cell epitopes on the Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and to analyze the early induction of immune response following infection. We identified CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T epitopes recognized by different strains of mice as well as by humans. The CD4⁺ T cell response in mice was found to be similar in all strains, but variation between strains was evident. Five H-2^d-restricted CD8⁺ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes, but no H-2^k-or H-2^b-restricted epitopes, could be defined. Non-H-2 genes were also able to regulate the response. In recently infected Thai adults, poor immunoresponsiveness was demonstrated. CTL activity and proliferative responses of T cells from malaria-exposed donors were very low. In contrast, exposed individuals had specific antibodies against the immunodominant repeats of both common strains of the P. vivax CSP; however, titers decreased following treatment.

Received April 2, 2003. Accepted for publication October 29, 2003.

Acknowledgments: We thank the Department of Immunology, Armed Force Research Institute of Medical Sciences (Bangkok, Thailand) for providing tissue culture facilities for the work done in Bangkok. We also thank Dr. Henry Stephens for very helpful information and discussions on HLA class I in Thai population.

Authors’ addresses: Chaisuree Suphavilai, Research Institute for Health Sciences, PO Box 80CMU, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50202, Thailand. Sornchai Looareesuwan, The Tropical Medicine Hospital, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Michael F. Good, The Cooperative Research Centre for Vaccine Technology, The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, 300 Herston Road, Herston QLD 4006, Queens-land, Australia, Telephone: 61-7-3362-0203, Fax: 61-7-3362-0110, Email: michaelG{at}qimr.edu.au.

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