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Harris County, Texas, is an endemic area of St. Louis encephalitis (SLE); and an active surveillance program that monitors SLE virus activity in mosquitoes, birds, and humans has been in place there for the past 28 years. In June of 2002, West Nile (WN) virus appeared in Houston and quickly spread throughout the region. This report describes the results of 12 years of SLE surveillance in Harris County and the contrasting pattern of WN virus activity, when it arrived in 2002. Our data indicate that both SLE and WN viruses can coexist, despite their ecologic, antigenic, and genetic similarities, and that both viruses will probably persist in this geographic region.
Received September 12, 2003. Accepted for publication February 24, 2004.
Acknowledgments: We thank Dr. Raolf R. Arafat (Bureau of Epidemiology, Houston Department of Health and Human Services); Cindy Kilborn (Chief Epidemiology, Harris County Public Health and Environmental Services); and John Nix (Bureau of Animal Regulation and Control, Houston Department of Health and Human Services), for help with the human surveillance data and stray dog study. We are also grateful to Dora Salinas for help in preparing the manuscript.
Financial support: This work was supported by grant RO1-AI10984 and contract NO1-AI25489 from the National Institutes of Health and by contracts U50/CCU620541, U90/CCU620915, and U90/ CCU620539 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Authors’ addresses: Kristy M. Lillibridge, Rhia Pascua, and Tamra Meyer, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, 1200 Herman Pressler, Houston, TX 77030, Telephone: 713-500-9358, Fax: 713-500-9359. Ray Parsons, Yvonne Randle, Taweesak Wuithinanyagool, Christina Hailey, and Adil A. Bala, Mosquito Control Division, Harris County Public Health and Environmental Services, 3333 Old Spanish Trail, Houston, TX 77021, Telephone: 713-440-3035, Fax: 713-440-4795. Amelia P. A. Travassos da Rosa, Hilda Guzman, Marina Siirin, Stephen Higgs, Dana L. Vanlandingham, and Robert B. Tesh, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77551, Telephone: 409-747-2431, Fax: 409-747-2429.
Reprint requests: Robert B. Tesh, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, Telephone: 409-747-2431, Fax: 409-747-2429, E-mail: rtesh{at}utmb.edu.
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