| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
To relate stability of malaria transmission to biologic characteristics of vector mosquitoes throughout the world, we derived an index representing the contribution of regionally dominant vector mosquitoes to the force of transmission. This construct incorporated published estimates describing the proportion of blood meals taken from human hosts, daily survival of the vector, and duration of the transmission season and of extrinsic incubation. The result of the calculation was displayed globally on a 0.5° grid. We found that these biologic characteristics of diverse vector mosquitoes interact with climate to explain much of the regional variation in the intensity of transmission. Due to the superior capacity of many tropical mosquitoes as vectors of malaria, particularly those in sub-Saharan Africa, antimalaria interventions conducted in the tropics face greater challenges than were faced by formerly endemic nations in more temperate climes.
Received February 4, 2003. Accepted for publication October 6, 2003.
Acknowledgments: We are grateful for the assistance of Derek Willis for his diligence in discovering background material for this work.
Financial support: This work was supported in part by a grant from the World Health Organization.
Authors’ addresses: Anthony Kiszewski, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, I-109, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston MA 02115, Telephone: 617-432-4229, Fax: 617-432-1796, E-mail: akisz{at}hsph.harvard.edu. Andrew Mellinger and Pia Malaney, Center for International Development/Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 1 Eliot Street, Cambridge MA 02138, Telephone: 617-496-0113, E-mails: Andrew_Mellinger{at}ksg.harvard.edu and Pia_Malaney{at}ksg.harvard.edu. Andrew Spielman, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, I-109, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston MA 02115, Telephone: 617-432-2058, Fax: 617-432-1796, E-mail: aspielma{at}hsph.harvard.edu. Sonia Ehrlich Sachs and Jeffrey Sachs, The Earth Institute at Columbia University, New York, NY 10115.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  D. A. Joy, L. Gonzalez-Ceron, J. M. Carlton, A. Gueye, M. Fay, T. F. McCutchan, and X.-z. Su Local Adaptation and Vector-Mediated Population Structure in Plasmodium vivax Malaria Mol. Biol. Evol., June 1, 2008; 25(6): 1245 - 1252. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Solarte, M. del Rosario Manzano, L. Rocha, Z. Castillo, M. A. James, S. Herrera, and M. Arevalo-Herrera Effects of Anticoagulants on Plasmodium vivax Oocyst Development in Anopheles albimanus Mosquitoes Am J Trop Med Hyg, August 1, 2007; 77(2): 242 - 245. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. K. Saxena, Y. Wu, and D. N. Garboczi Plasmodium P25 and P28 Surface Proteins: Potential Transmission-Blocking Vaccines Eukaryot. Cell, August 1, 2007; 6(8): 1260 - 1265. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Gu, J. L. Regens, J. C. Beier, and R. J. Novak Source reduction of mosquito larval habitats has unexpected consequences on malaria transmission PNAS, November 14, 2006; 103(46): 17560 - 17563. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. D. Nordhaus Inaugural Article: Geography and macroeconomics: New data and new findings PNAS, March 7, 2006; 103(10): 3510 - 3517. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Carstensen and E. Gundlach The Primacy of Institutions Reconsidered: Direct Income Effects of Malaria Prevalence World Bank Econ. Rev., January 1, 2006; 20(3): 309 - 339. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. D. Sachs Achieving the Millennium Development Goals -- The Case of Malaria N. Engl. J. Med., January 13, 2005; 352(2): 115 - 117. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
