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Mosquitoes in the Culex (Culex) pipiens complex of species, known as vectors of periodic filariasis and deadly encephalitides, have recently emerged as important vectors of West Nile virus in the United States. Highly conserved morphology but marked differences in potential vectorial capacity require the development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based tests that unambiguously distinguish among the different species. We introduce and describe a series of PCR-based assays that use polymorphisms in the second intron of the acetylcholinesterase-2 (ace-2) locus for the identification of members of the Cx. pipiens complex (Cx. pipiens, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. p. pallens, Cx. australicus), two other species that are commonly mislabeled as Cx. pipiens (Cx. torrentium and Cx. pervigilans), as well as hybrids between Cx. pipiens and Cx. quinquefasciatus.
Received October 29, 2003. Accepted for publication December 15, 2003.
Acknowledgments: We are indebted to all the collaborators for providing specimens. We thank Katherine Unger and Nusha Keyghobadi for their editorial comments and Tapan Ganguly and the DNA Sequencing Facility, University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, PA) for technical assistance.
Financial support: This research was partially funded by a National Research Council Associateship through the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research to Dina M. Fonseca, by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant U50/ CCU220532, and by NIH grant 1R01GM063258.
Authors’ addresses: Julie L. Smith, Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19103, E-mail: jsmith{at}acnatsci. Dina M. Fonseca, Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19103, E-mail: fonseca{at}acnatsci.org.
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