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WIDESPREAD OCCURRENCE OF THE PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM CHLOROQUINE RESISTANCE TRANSPORTER (PFCRT) GENE HAPLOTYPE SVMNT IN P. FALCIPARUM MALARIA IN INDIA

The Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (Pfcrt) K76T mutation and haplotype (amino acids 72–76) and the P. falciparum multidrug resistance 1 (Pfmdr1) mutation (N86Y) were analyzed as markers of chloroquine resistance in the DNAs of 73 blood samples from patients with P. falciparum malaria in India. Seventy of the 73 DNAs had the Pfcrt K76T mutation. Of these, 66 had the SVMNT haplotype and four had CVIET, the African/Southeast Asian haplotype. Only 20 of 69 DNAs had the Pfmdr1 N86Y mutation. It is surprising that the Pfcrt haplotype in India is predominantly SVMNT, rather than that seen in Southeast Asia. The widespread prevalence of the Pfcrt K76T mutation is a cause for concern.

Received July 31, 2003. Accepted for publication November 25, 2003.

Acknowledgments: We thank all the staff involved in malaria field surveys for their assistance.

Financial support: This study was supported by a grant from the Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi and an Emeritus Scientist Award to G. Padmanaban by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi.

Authors’ addresses: P. G. Vathsala, A. Pramanik, S. Dhanasekaran, P. N. Rangarajan, and G. Padmanaban, Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. C. Usha Devi, C. R. Pillai, and S. K. Subbarao, Malaria Research Centre, Delhi, India. S. K. Ghosh, S. N. Tiwari, and T. S. Sathyanarayan, Malaria Research Centre, Bangalore, India. P. R. Deshpande, G. C.Mishra, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India. M. R. Ranjit, Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India. A. P. Dash, Institute for Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar. India.

Reprint requests: G. Padmanaban, Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India, Fax: 91-80-360-1492, E-mail: geepee{at}biochem.iisc.ernet.in.

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