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DIRECT AGGLUTINATION TEST WITH URINE SAMPLES FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS

A new direct agglutination test (DAT) for use with urine samples for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has been developed and compared with the conventional DAT with serum samples and our previously reported enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with urine samples (urine ELISA). The new DAT, in which anti-human IgG was used as enhancing antibody, was tested with urine samples from 75 VL patients and 225 non-VL patients and healthy people. The sensitivity of the new DAT (90.7%), was almost the same as that of the conventional DAT (91.0%) and the urine ELISA (93.3%). The specificity of the new DAT (96.4%) was nearly identical with that of the urine ELISA (97.3%). A urine-based DAT has several advantages over the conventional DAT: sample collection is non-invasive and it can process larger numbers of samples with smaller amounts of antigen.

Received July 2, 2003. Accepted for publication September 9, 2003.

Acknowledgments: We thank Dr. Farzana Matin, Dr. Mohammed Mohsin Ali, Dr. A. K. M. Shamsuzzaman Choudhury, Dr. Mohammed Akram Hossain, and Dr. Nllufar Begam for helping in the collection of VL samples, and Dr. Judson. L. Leafasia for providing malaria samples. We also thank Dr. Mohammed Khaled Hossain and Dr. Mirza Mohammed Shamim for transporting some VL samples from Bangladesh to Japan.

Financial support: This study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) No. 15406018 and a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) No. 12670243 from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

Authors’ addresses: Mohammad Zahidul Islam, Makoto Itoh, and Eisaku Kimura, Department of Parasitology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi-ken 480-1195, Japan, Telephone: 81-52-264-4811, Fax: 81-561-63-3645 E-mails: zahid{at}aichi-med-u.ac.jp, macitoh{at}aichi-med-u.ac.jp, and kimura{at}aichi-med-u.ac.jp Rusella Mirza, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, Telephone: 81-52-789-3867, Fax: 81-52-789-3891, E-mail: rusella17{at}yahoo.com. Iftikhar Ahmed, Department of Microbiology, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, Telephone: 88-721-776001-9, Fax: 88-52-721-772174, E-mail: ia{at}librabd.net. A. R. M. Saifuddin Ekram and Abdul Halim Sarder, Department of Medicine, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, Telephone: 88-721-776001-9, Fax: +88-52-721-772174, E-mail: rmc{at}mail.librabd.net. S. M. Shamsuzzaman and Yoshihisa Hashiguchi, Department of Parasitology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku City, Kochi 783-8505, Japan, Telephone: 81-88-880-2415, Fax: 81-88-880-2415, E-mail: hasiguti{at}med.kochi-ms.ac.jp.

Reprint requests: Mohammad Zahidul Islam, Department of Parasitology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi-ken 480-1195, Japan.

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