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POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION MONITORING OF TRANSMISSION OF ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS IN TWO ENDEMIC STATES IN MEXICO

To investigate the impact of mass ivermectin treatments in Mexico on Onchocerca volvulus transmission, entomologic surveys were carried out in the two endemic states of Oaxaca and Chiapas. The data suggest that substantial progress towards the goal of elimination has been made. A comparison pre- and post-ivermectin data from a community in Southern Chiapas showed a 97% decrease in seasonal transmission potential, but some level of polymerase chain reaction positivity was still detectable. In other communities from northern Chiapas and Oaxaca where there are no baseline data, there was an absence or near absence of infective flies. Residual transmission was not evenly distributed because differences were seen in the infection and infective rates from different catch points. These findings suggest that while substantial progress towards elimination has been made in Mexico, it may be necessary to modify ivermectin distribution strategies to eliminate transmission in areas where transmission persists.

Received August 11, 2003. Accepted for publication September 26, 2003.

Acknowledgments: We thank Marco Sandoval, Rafael Vázquez and Juan Ventura of Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública at Centro de Investigación de Paludismo for assisting in the field work. We are in debt to Dr. Olga Real Najarro (Universidad Valle del Bravo) for comments and constructive criticisms on an earlier version of the manuscript.

Financial support: This project was supported by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (grant 34486-M: molecular methods to determine the incidence levels of Onchocerca volvulus and the parasite transmission in Mexico), and by the Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas (OEPA).

Authors’ addresses: Mario A. Rodríguez-Pérez, Cristian Lizarazo-Ortega, and Alberto Mendoza-Herrera, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Boulevard del Maestro Esquina Elías Piña, Col. Narciso Mendoza, 88710, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Bruce G. Lilley and Thomas R. Unnasch, Division of Geographic Medicine, BBRB Box 7, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, E-mail: trunnasch{at}geomed.dom.uab.edu. Alfredo Domínguez-Vázquez, Dirección de Servicios de Salud, Instituto de Salud del estado de Chiapas, Unidad Administrativa, Edificio C. de la Calzada a la Unidad Deportiva, 29007, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico. Ramón Segura-Arenas, Programa de Oncocercosis Oaxaca, Dirección de Servicos de Salud, Secretaría de Salud de Oaxaca, JP García 807, Centro, 68000, Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico. Filiberto Reyes-Villanueva, Laboratorio de Entomología Medica, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 66450, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL Mexico.

Reprint requests: Mario A. Rodríguez-Pérez, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Boulevard del Maestro Esquina Elías Piña, Col. Narciso Mendoza, 88710, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México, Telephone/Fax : 52-899-924-3627, E-mail: mar{at}mail.cbg.ipn.mx.

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