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BLOCKING OF TRANSMISSION TO MOSQUITOES BY ANTIBODY TO PLASMODIUM VIVAX MALARIA VACCINE CANDIDATES PVS25 AND PVS28 DESPITE ANTIGENIC POLYMORPHISM IN FIELD ISOLATES

We have previously demonstrated that mouse antisera against yeast-produced recombinant forms of the ookinete surface proteins of Plasmodium vivax (Pvs25 and Pvs28) blocks transmission of the homologous P. vivax (Sal I strain). In this study, we developed mouse and rabbit antisera against Pvs25 and Pvs28 and evaluated the efficacy of these vaccine candidates against natural isolates of P. vivax in Thailand. Although both Pvs25 and Pvs28 genes are polymorphic, sera from mice immunized using alum adjuvant completely inhibited oocyst development for most human isolates, whereas sera from rabbits immunized with either alum or Freund’s adjuvant were partially inhibitory. All inhibition occurred in an antibody dose dependent fashion. Data from this study clearly demonstrates that antibodies raised against Sal I-based vaccines overcome the genetic polymorphism of Pvs25 and Pvs28 present in natural isolates of P. vivax, suggesting the wide range applicability of Sal I based vaccines.

Received January 23, 2003. Accepted for publication July 7, 2003.

Acknowledgments: We thank the staffs of the Office of Vector Borne Disease Control 1 (Saraburi, Thailand) for constant help in setting up the field sites, the staffs of the Department of Entomology at the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (Bangkok, Thailand), and Ayako Kurita for technical assistance. We also thank the Malaria Vaccine Initiative at Program for Appropriate Technology in Health for their constant help with the TBV development.

Financial support: This work was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research 13576007 and 14570215 and Scientific Research on Priority Areas 13226087, 14021082, and 15019072 from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, and a Grant for Research on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (H12-Shinkou-17) from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan. This work also received support from the National Natural Science Foundation Committee of China (NSFC) 30070718, and the UNDP/World Bank/World Health Organization Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR).

Authors’ addresses: Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Nantavadee Suwanabun, and Russell E. Coleman, Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Telephone: 66-2-644-5777, Fax 66-2-246-8832. Takafumi Tsuboi, Cell-Free Science and Technology Research Center, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyocho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan, Telephone: 81-89-927-8277, Fax: 81-89-927-9941. Hajime Hisaeda, Department of Immunology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan, Telephone: 81- 92-642-6119, Fax: 81- 92-642-6118. Mayumi Tachibana, Thanaporn Rungruang, and Motomi Torii, Department of Molecular Parasitology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shigenobu, Ehime 791-0295, Japan, Telephone: 81-89-960-5286, Fax: 81-89-960-5287. Ya-Ming Cao, Department of Immunology, College of Preclinical Medicine, China Medical University, 92 Bei Er Road, Shenyang 110001, China, Telephone: 86-24-23256666, Fax: 86-24-23264417. Anthony W. Stowers, Malaria Vaccine Development Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 5640 Fisher Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, Telephone: 301-435-2968, Fax: 301-435-6725. Jeeraphat Sirichaisinthop, Office of Vector Borne Disease Control 1, Phrabuddhabat, Saraburi 18120, Thailand, Telephone: 66-36-266142, Fax: 66-36-267586.

Reprint requests: Takafumi Tsuboi, Cell-Free Science and Technology Research Center, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyocho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan, Telephone +81-89-927-8277, Fax +81-89-927-9941, E-mail: tsuboi{at}m.ehime-u.ac.jp.

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