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The efficacy of a membrane-feeding apparatus as a means of infecting Anopheles dirus mosquitoes with Plasmodium vivax was compared with direct feeding of mosquitoes on gametocyte carriers. Volunteers participating in the study were symptomatic patients reporting to malaria clinics in western Thailand. Direct mosquito feeds were conducted on 285 P. vivax-infected individuals. Four methods of preparing blood for the membrane-feeding apparatus were evaluated. They included 1) replacement of patient plasma with sera from a P. vivax-naive donor (n = 276), 2) replacement of patient plasma with plasma from a P. vivax-naive donor (n = 83), 3) replacement of patient plasma with that individual’s own plasma (n = 80), and 4) whole blood added directly to the feeder (n = 221). Criteria used to compare the different methods included 1) number of feeds infecting mosquitoes, 2) percent of mosquitoes with oocysts, and 3) mean number of oocysts per positive mosquito. For most parameters, the direct- feeding method was not significantly different from methods that replaced patient plasma with sera/plasma from a P. vivax-naive donor. However, direct feeding was more effective than use of whole blood or blood that was reconstituted with the patient’s own plasma. These data suggest a possible role of transmission-blocking antibody. The implications towards development of a membrane-feeding assay for the evaluation of candidate transmission-blocking malaria vaccines is discussed.
Received May 20, 2002. Accepted for publication December 19, 2002.
Acknowledgments: We are grateful to Drs. James Jones and R. Scott Miller for reviewing the manuscript, and to the staff of the Mae Sod and Kanchanaburi malaria clinics for their support of this study.
Financial support: Funding for this project was provided by the Military Infectious Diseases Research Program of the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD) and by National Institutes of Health grant R01 AI-4881301A1 entitled "Population Dynamics of Sporogony in Thailand."
Disclaimer: The opinions of the assertions contained in this manuscript are the private ones of the authors and are not to be construed as the official or reflecting views of the Department of Defense or the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences.
Authors’ addresses: Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Nongnuj Maneechai, Vichit Phunkitchar, Nantana Eikarat, Benjawan Khuntirat, and Russell E. Coleman, United States Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand. Jeeraphat Sirichaisinthop, Vector-Borne Disease Control Office One, Saraburi, Thailand. Robert Burge, Department of Biometrics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910.
Reprint requests: Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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