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EVALUATION OF BAITS FOR DELIVERY OF ORAL RABIES VACCINE TO DOGS IN GUATEMALA

Acceptance of oral baits by dogs was evaluated in Guatemala. Eight bait matrix/attractant combinations were produced using commercial materials available in the United States. Two baits were produced using local materials in Guatemala. All baits included a plastic sachet that contained a placebo vaccine (water). Bait trials were conducted February–April, 2002, at five sites using 261 dogs. Bait acceptance ranged from 50.0% to 87.1%, and the combined proportion of sachets either swallowed or punctured ranged from 23.1% to 83.9%. The four bait types with the highest acceptance by dogs were the wax-coated sachet coated with poultry oil and poultry meal (87.1%), the dog meal polymer coated with poultry oil and poultry meal (82.8%), the fish meal polymer coated with poultry oil and poultry meal (77.4%), and the chicken head bait (77.8%). These four bait types were accepted most often as determined both by consumption and combined proportion of sachets swallowed or punctured (P = 0.0001). Future trials should demonstrate efficacy of oral rabies vaccination in Guatemala based on the use of selected bait matrices and the poultry oil/poultry meal attractant.

Received February 17, 2003. Accepted for publication May 29, 2003.

Acknowledgments: We thank the people of Guatemala and the Sociedad Civil Pro-Vida de los Animales–Rescate y Educación for affording us access to their dogs. The assistance of the Ministerio de Salud Pública, República de Guatemala, and the Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala is greatfully acknowledged. We also thank Sam Linhart, Dr. Miguel Escobar, Dr. Arnaldo Hernandez, and Darrell Kavanaugh for their assistance.

Financial support: This study was supported by matching grants from Merial, Ltd. (Athens, GA) and the Georgia Research Alliance, Inc. (Atlanta, GA).

Authors’ addresses: Joseph L. Corn, Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, Telephone: 706-542-1741, Fax: 706-542-5865, E-mail: jcorn{at}vet.uga.edu. Jaime R. Méndez, Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Ciudad Guatemala, Guatemala, Telephone: 502-476-7234, Fax: 502-442-0534, E-mail: jaimendez{at}latinmail.com. Edmundo E. Catalán, Programa de Zoonosis y Rabia, Ministerio de Salud Pública, República de Guatemala, Ciudad Guatemala, Guatemala, Telephone: 502-220-7998, Fax: 502-253-0208, E-mail: prozoora{at}ops.org.gt.

Reprint requests: Joseph L. Corn, Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.