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Immune responses directed at glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors of Plasmodium falciparum may offer protection against symptomatic malaria. To independently explore the effect of age on generation of the anti-GPI IgG response, we measured serum anti-GPI IgGs in a longitudinal cohort of migrant Javanese children (6–12 years old) and adults (
20 years old) with equivalent numbers of exposures to P. falciparum in Papua, Indonesia. While the peak response in adults was achieved after a single infection, comparable responses in children required 3–4 infections. Significantly fewer children (16%) than adults (41%) showed a high (optical density > 0.44) anti-GPI IgG response (odds ratio [OR] = 3.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.3–6.3, P < 0.0001), and adults were more likely to show a persistently high response (OR = 5.5, 95% CI = 1.0–56.8, P = 0.03). However, the minority of children showing a strong response were significantly less likely to experience symptoms with subsequent parasitemia compared with those with a weak response (OR = 4.0, 95% CI = 1.1–13.8, P = 0.02). This effect was not seen among high- and low-responding adults (OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 0.5–2.8, P = 0.60). Host age, independent of cumulative exposure, apparently represents a key determinant of the quantitative and qualitative nature of the IgG response to P. falciparum GPI.
Received January 6, 2003. Accepted for publication April 2, 2003.
Acknowledgments: We express our gratitude for the contributions of the following people to this study: Dr. Budi Subianto, Dr. Hendra Wijaya, Sugoto, Suradi Wangsamuda, Moch Sutamiharja, Tiot Karubuy, Supriyanto, Ferryanto Sangganele, Sunardi, Jumhan Anis, Willem Burdam, and the Papuan health workers. We also acknowledge the Ministry of Health Research and Development, Republic of Indonesia for its support in making this work possible, with special thanks to Dr. Sri Astuti, Dr. Sumarijati Arjoso and Dr. Ingerani. This work was presented in part at the 50th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Atlanta, GA, November 2001.
Financial support: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Defense, Military Infectious Diseases Research Program under STO F (malaria vaccine development).
Disclaimer: The views of the authors are their own and do not purport to represent those of the U.S. Navy or the Department of Defense.
Authors’ addresses: Sarah N. Hudson Keenihan, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 6th Floor Medical School North Wing, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia, Telephone: 61-8-8303-5100, Fax: 61-8-8303-4099, E-mail: sarah.hudson-keenihan{at}adelaide.edu.au. Sutanti Ratiwayanto, Saraswati Soebianto, Krisin, and Michael J. Bangs, c/o Commanding Officer, United States Naval Medical Research Unit 2, American Embassy Jakarta, FPO AP 96520 USA, Telephone: 62-21-421-4457, Fax: 62-21-424-4507. J. Kevin Baird, Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Unit 3800, American Embassy Lima, Lima, Peru APO AA 34031, Telephone: Fax: 51-1-561-3042, E-mail: baird{at}nmrcd.med.navy.mil. Harijani Marwoto, P2PLP, Kompleks Balitbangkes Jl., Percetakan Negara No. 29, Jakarta 10570 Indonesia, Telephone: 62-21-426-1088 extension 157, Fax: 62-21-424-3933. Gowdahalli Krishnegowda and D. Channe Gowda, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, H171, College of Medicine, Room C5710, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, Telephone: 717-531-0992, Fax: 717-531-7072. David J. Fryauff, Malaria Program, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910-7500, Telephone: 301-319-7583, Fax: 301-319-7545. Thomas L. Richie, Malaria Program, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910-7500, Telephone: 301-295-0007, Fax: 301-319-7545. Sanjai Kumar, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, Telephone: 301-827-1800, Fax: 301-827-4622.
Reprint requests: Commanding Officer, United States Navy Medical Research Unit 2, American Embassy Jakarta, FPO AP 96520 USA, Attn: Publications Office.
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  Y. CISSOKO, M. DAOU, K. E. LYKE, A. DICKO, I. DIARRA, A. KONE, A. GUINDO, K. TRAORE, G. KRISHNEGOWDA, D. A. DIALLO, et al. SERUM ANTIBODY LEVELS TO GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS IN SPECIMENS DERIVED FROM MATCHED MALIAN CHILDREN WITH SEVERE OR UNCOMPLICATED PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIA AND HEALTHY CONTROLS. Am J Trop Med Hyg, August 1, 2006; 75(2): 199 - 204. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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