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LARGE GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION AND LOW VARIATION IN VECTOR COMPETENCE FOR DENGUE AND YELLOW FEVER VIRUSES OF AEDES ALBOPICTUS FROM BRAZIL, THE UNITED STATES, AND THE CAYMAN ISLANDS

We conducted a population genetic analysis of Aedes albopictus collected from 20 sites in Brazil, the United States (Florida, Georgia, and Illinois), and the Cayman Islands. Using isoenzyme analysis, we examined genetic diversity and patterns of gene flow. High genetic differentiation was found among Brazilian samples, and between them and North American samples. Regression analysis of genetic differentiation according to geographic distances indicated that Ae. albopictus samples from Florida were genetically isolated by distance. Infection rates with dengue and yellow fever viruses showed greater differences between two Brazilian samples than between the two North American samples or between a Brazilian sample and a North American sample. Introductions and establishments of new Ae. albopictus populations in the Americas are still in progress, shaping population genetic composition and potentially modifying both dengue and yellow fever transmission patterns.

Received October 14, 2002. Accepted for publication March 10, 2003.

Acknowledgments: We are grateful to Pedro M. Silva, Fernanda L. P. da Silva, Allan M. Silva, Adão Pereira, Valdecir Nunes, Denilson Santos, Wellington C. Silva, Paulo J. Leite, José Reinaldo Moreira, Uranius Assumpção, Manoel Araújo, Silvia Ahid, Helder Resende, Claucio de Moraes, Nildimar Honório, Peter Armbruster, Bill Hawley, Alan Wheeler, Mike Wamack, and Marieta Braks for providing mosquito samples; Laurence Mousson, Nadia Monnier, and Catherine Thouvenot for technical assistance; and Heloisa Dinis for preparing the maps. We express our sincere appreciation to Phil Lounibos for his help in improving the manuscript.

Financial support: This work was supported by the Pasteur Institute in Paris, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (PAPES II), the Brazilian Council of Research (CNPq), U.S. National Institute of Health grant R01 AI-44793, and L. P. Lounibos (Principal Investigator).

Authors’ addresses: Ricardo Lourenço de Oliveira and Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis, Laboratórios de Transmissores de Hematozoários e de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Marie Vazeille and Anna-Bella Failloux, Unité d’Ecologie des Systèmes Vectoriels, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, Telephone: 33-1-40-61-36-17, Fax: 33-1-40-61-30-89, E-mail: afaillou{at}pasteur.fr