HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Web of Science (25) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by CUI, L. Articles by SATTABONGKOT, J. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by CUI, L. Articles by SATTABONGKOT, J. Related Collections Malaria

GENETIC DIVERSITY AND MULTIPLE INFECTIONS OF PLASMODIUM VIVAX MALARIA IN WESTERN THAILAND

Using two polymorphic genetic markers, the merozoite surface protein-3 (MSP-3) and the circumsporozoite protein (CSP), we investigated the population diversity of Plasmodium vivax in Mae Sod, Thailand from April 2000 through June 2001. Genotyping the parasites isolated from 90 malaria patients attending two local clinics for the dimorphic CSP gene revealed that the majority of the parasites (77%) were the VK210 type. Genotyping the MSP3- gene indicated that P. vivax populations exhibited an equally high level of polymorphism as those from Papua New Guinea, a hyperendemic region. Based on the length of polymerase chain reaction products, three major types of the MSP-3 locus were distinguished, with frequencies of 74.8%, 18.7%, and 6.5%, respectively. The 13 alleles distinguished by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis did not show a significant seasonal variation in frequency. Genotyping the MSP-3 and CSP genes showed that 19.3% and 25.6% of the patients had multiple infections, respectively, and the combined rate was 35.6%. Comparisons of MSP-3 sequences from nine clones further confirmed the high level of genetic diversity of the parasite and also suggested that geographic isolation may exist. These results strongly indicate that P. vivax populations are highly diverse and multiple clonal infections are common in this malaria-hypoendemic region of Thailand.

Received November 21, 2002. Accepted for publication January 9, 2003.

Acknowledgments: We thank Dr. Kuijun Zhao, Christy Pepple, and Jennifer Sommer for their assistance in sequencing some MSP-3 clones.

Financial support: This study was partially supported by a grant R01 AI-46472-02S1 from the Research Supplement for Underrepresented Minorities Program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health to Liwang Cui, and grants R01 AI-50243 and D43 TW01505 to Guiyun Yan.

Authors’ addresses: Liwang Cui, Carlye Mascorro, Qi Fan, and Kimberly Rzomp, Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, 501 ASI Building, University Park, PA 16802, Telephone: 814-863-7663, Fax: 814-865-3048, E-mail: luc2{at}psu.edu. Benjawan Khuntirat and Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Institute of Medical Sciences–United States Army Military Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Guofa Zhou, Hong Chen, and Guiyun Yan, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260.

Reprint requests: Liwang Cui, Department of Entomology, Penn-sylvania State University, 501 ASI Building, University Park, PA 16802.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				J. A. BONILLA, L. VALIDUM, R. CUMMINGS, and C. J. PALMER GENETIC DIVERSITY OF PLASMODIUM VIVAX PVCSP AND PVMSP1 IN GUYANA, SOUTH AMERICA Am J Trop Med Hyg, November 1, 2006; 75(5): 830 - 835. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. S. Lim, L. Tazi, and F. J. Ayala Plasmodium vivax: Recent world expansion and genetic identity to Plasmodium simium PNAS, October 25, 2005; 102(43): 15523 - 15528. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. L. COLE-TOBIAN, M. BIASOR, and C. L. KING HIGH COMPLEXITY OF PLASMODIUM VIVAX INFECTIONS IN PAPUA NEW GUINEAN CHILDREN Am J Trop Med Hyg, September 1, 2005; 73(3): 626 - 633. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. ZHOU, J. SIRICHAISINTHOP, J. SATTABONGKOT, J. JONES, O. N. BJORNSTAD, G. YAN, and L. CUI SPATIO-TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM AND P. VIVAX MALARIA IN THAILAND Am J Trop Med Hyg, March 1, 2005; 72(3): 256 - 262. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. D. Hastings, J. D. Maguire, M. J. Bangs, P. A. Zimmerman, J. C. Reeder, J. K. Baird, and C. H. Sibley Novel Plasmodium vivax dhfr Alleles from the Indonesian Archipelago and Papua New Guinea: Association with Pyrimethamine Resistance Determined by a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Expression System Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., February 1, 2005; 49(2): 733 - 740. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E.-T. HAN, T.-E. SONG, J.-H. PARK, E.-H. SHIN, S.-M. GUK, T.-Y. KIM, and J.-Y. CHAI ALLELIC DIMORPHISM IN THE MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-3{alpha} IN KOREAN ISOLATES OF PLASMODIUM VIVAX Am J Trop Med Hyg, December 1, 2004; 71(6): 745 - 749. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]