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RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI MICROFILARIA COUNTS IN HUMAN BLOOD AND PARASITE UPTAKE AND MATURATION IN CULEX PIPIENS, WITH OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECTS OF DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE TREATMENT ON THESE PARAMETERS

This study examined relationships between blood microfilaria (MF) counts and parasite uptake and maturation in Culex pipiens fed on Egyptian volunteers with bancroftian filariasis. Uptake of MF and production of infective larvae (L3) were more closely correlated with MF counts in finger prick blood than in venous blood. Only a minority of ingested MF developed into L3. Few MF were ingested, and very few L3 were produced by mosquitoes that fed on infected subjects who were amicrofilaremic by 50 µL thick blood smear; the contribution of such carriers to filariasis transmission in Egypt is probably negligible. These results suggest that filariasis elimination programs should aim to achieve MF smear rates of zero. Single-dose diethylcarbamazine therapy reduced MF counts by 87.9% 6–7 months after treatment; similar reductions were observed for MF uptake, MF/mosquito, infectivity, and L3/mosquito. Thus, single-dose diethylcarbamazine had a major impact on MF ingestion and L3 production by mosquitoes.

Received August 8, 2002. Accepted for publication December 5, 2002.

Acknowledgments: We thank the Entomology Field Team of the Research and Training Center on Vectors of Diseases at Ain Shams University for excellent technical assistance.

Financial support: This study was supported by National Institutes of Health grant NO1 UO1 AI-35855.

Authors’ addresses: Hoda A. Farid, Ragaa E. Hammad, Doaa A. Soliman, Maged A. El Setouhy, and Reda M. R. Ramzy, Research and Training Center on Vectors of Diseases, Faculty of Science Building, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt. Gary J. Weil, Infectious Diseases Division, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, 216 S. Kingshighway, St. Louis, MO 63110.

Reprint requests: Gary J. Weil, Infectious Diseases Division, Box 8051, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, Telephone: 314-454-7782, Fax: 314-454-5293, E-mail: gweil{at}im.wustl.edu

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