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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 57(2), 1997, pp. 142-148
Copyright © 1997 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Laboratory Characterization of Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Types 1 (HTLV-1) and 2 (HTLV-2) Infections in Blood Donors from Sao Paulo, Brazil

Aluisio A. C. Segurado, Ceila M. S. Malaque, Laura M. Sumita, Claudio S. Pannuti AND Renu B. Lal
Department of Infectious Diseases (LIM-52: Virology Laboratory), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Retroviruses Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia

Serologic screening for human T cell lymphotropic virus types 1/2 (HTLV-1/2) infection in blood donors has been recently introduced in Brazil. Analysis of 351,639 blood donations in Sao Paulo from January 1992 to October 1993 identified 1,063 positive (0.30%) and 2,238 indeterminate (0.63%) samples based on serologic confirmation using a 21e Western blot. A detailed analysis (serologic, molecular, and virologic), based on a laboratory diagnostic algorithm for characterization of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections was undertaken in 50 seropositive or seroindeterminate blood donors. Modified serologic assays (2.3 Western blot that incorporate type-specific recombinant peptides) performed in 29 HTLV-1/2 positive and 21 HTLV-1/2 indeterminate donors with the 21e Western blot identified 25 as infected with HTLV-1, four with HTLV-2, five with untypable HTLV-1/2, 15 as HTLV-1/2 indeterminate, and one as seronegative. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis using DNA amplification of proviral pol and tax sequences from peripheral blood mononuclear cells confirmed HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections in all 2.3 Western blot seropositive donors; of the five serologically untypable donors, three were confirmed to be HTLV-1 positive, one HTLV-2 positive, and one negative by PCR. All of the seroindeterminate donors were also negative by PCR. Furthermore, HTLV-1 could be isolated in cocultures from 10 of 18 infected donors. Cell lines developed from two HTLV-1-infected donors were of T cell phenotype (CD2+, CD3+), exhibiting surface markers of activated CD4 cells (CD4+ CD25+ HLA-DR+). Thus, we provide evidence for the high seroprevalence of HTLV infection in blood donor population in Sao Paulo, Brazil compared with North American donors and propose a comprehensive serologic and genotypic diagnostic algorithm for HTLV-infected donors that has strong implications for counseling of these individuals.




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[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Copyright © 1997 by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.