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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 51(5), 1994, pp. 568-576
Copyright © 1994 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Evidence of Natural Bluetongue Virus Infection among African Carnivores

Kathleen A. Alexander, N. James MacLachlan, Pieter W. Kat, Carol House, Stephen J. O'Brien, Nicholas W. Lerche, Mary Sawyer, Laurence G. Frank, Kay Holekamp, Laura Smale, J. Weldon McNutt, M. Karen Laurenson, M. G. L. Mills AND Bennie I. Osburn
Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California; Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Greenport, New York; Laboratory of Viral Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland; California Regional Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California; Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California; Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Division of Environmental Studies, University of California, Davis, California; Uplands Research Group, The Game Conservancy, Newtonmore, Invernesshire, United Kingdom; National Parks Board, Kruger National Park, Skukuza, Transvaal, Republic of South Africa

Bluetongue is an International Office of Epizootics List A disease described as the century's most economically devastating affliction of sheep. Bluetongue (BLU) viruses were thought to infect only ruminants, shrews, and some rodents, but recently, inadvertent administration of BLU virus-contaminated vaccine resulted in mortality and abortion among domestic dogs. We present evidence of natural BLU virus infection among African carnviores that dramatically widens the spectrum of susceptible hosts. We hypothesize that such infection occurred after ingestion of meat and organs from BLU virus-infected prey species. The effect of BLU virus on endangered carnivores such as the cheetah and African wild dog requires urgent investigation. Also, the role of carnivores in the epizootiology of this disease needs elucidation.




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