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Immunologic Characterization of Two Monoclonal Antibodies Reactive with Repetitive Carbohydrate Epitopes of Circulating Schistosoma mansoni Egg Antigen

A panel of 60 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) reactive with repetitive epitopes of species-specific Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen (SEA) was tested for performance in detecting circulating egg antigens. Two MAbs, 114-5B1-A and 114-4D12-A, which were highly reactive with two different repetitive carbohydrate epitopes of soluble egg antigen, were found to detect circulating egg antigen in the sera of S. mansoni-infected mice. The two MAbs also showed strong reactivity with two high M_r cercarial antigens present on the cercarial and schistosomular surface, while in the adult worms, antigens in the parenchyma were recognized. In two sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA-5B1 and ELISA-4D12), each MAb was used as capture antibody and as conjugate, which resulted in assays with a lower detection level (0.2–0.4 ng) of the trichloroacetic acid-soluble fraction of soluble egg antigen (SEA-TCA)/ml. The antigen component(s) detected by ELISA-5B1 and ELISA-4D12 were 10,000 and 40,000 times more concentrated in the egg antigen than in the adult worm antigen, respectively. With both assays, in serum of heavily S. mansoni-infected mice, antigen became detectable from eight weeks postinfection (PI) onwards, with a striking increase at nine weeks PI.