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World-Wide Malaria Distribution, Prevalence, and Control¹

Among all the plagues that afflict mankind, malaria has long been a leader. Today it is under an attack so widespread and determined that one can safely predict an early end to its supremacy. This paper discusses the world distribution and prevalence of malaria and the status of its control.

World Distribution.

Very likely, malaria reached its maximum world coverage sometime between 1880, when it was endemic in southern Canada, and 1920 when it approached the Arctic Circle in Russia. Hirsch (1883) set the northern limit of malaria in the Americas at Kingston, Ontario, on the shore of Lake Ontario (48° 8' N.) with occasional epidemics at Lake St. Peter on the St. Lawrence River (48° 10' N.). Davidson (1892) stated that "Kingston and Toronto, situated on Lake Ontario, are undoubtedly malarious, although in a minor and diminishing degree."

¹ Malaria data in this paper refer to 1955 and often do not take note of considerable advances in 1956. It must also be emphasized that most malaria statistics are not accurate. Estimates from official sources vary remarkably for the same areas and time periods. Consequently, the figures given in this paper are to be taken as indices of the malaria situation in each country. The author made sustained efforts to obtain through personal visits, personal communications, a search of reports published and unpublished, and conferences with officials of governments and of WHO, UNICEF, and ICA, the most reliable estimates possible for each country. He believes that although the figures themselves are seldom strictly accurate, they do in fact give a reliable indication of the malaria situation as it was at the end of 1955.

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				H. A. REIMANN Infectious Diseases: Annual Review of Significant Publications Arch Intern Med, June 1, 1957; 99(6): 955 - 1000. [Abstract] [PDF]