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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 48(3), 1993, pp. 372-376
Copyright © 1993 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Acute Sporadic Hepatitis E in an Egyptian Pediatric Population

Dina Mohamed Tawfik El-Zimaity, Kenneth C. Hyams, Imam Z. E. Imam, Douglas M. Watts, Samir Bassily, Emad Kamel Naffea, Yehia Sultan, Kadry Emara, Jim Burans, Michael A. Purdy, Daniel W. Bradley AND Mitchell Carl
Microbiology Department, Benha University, Benha, Egypt; Division of Epidemiology, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, Cairo, Egypt; Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt; Abbassia Fever Hospital, Cairo, Egypt; Hepatitis Branch, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia

A study was conducted to determine the etiology of acute hepatitis among 261 children (age range 1–11 years) living in Cairo, Egypt. A blood sample was obtained from each subject when initially evaluated and a questionnaire was used to collect demographic and risk factor data. Sera were tested by enzyme immunoassay for acute hepatitis A (anti-hepatitis A virus IgM), hepatitis B (anti-hepatitis B core antigen IgM and hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]), hepatitis C (total anti-HCV), delta hepatitis (total anti-delta), and cytomegalovirus infection (anti-CMV IgM). In addition, hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection was diagnosed using a new Western blot technique to test patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis for anti-HEV IgM. Among 261 children, acute hepatitis A was diagnosed in 85 (32.6%) patients, acute hepatitis B in 19 (7.3%), delta hepatitis in 3 (1.1%), mixed hepatitis A and B infection in 2 (0.8%), CMV infection in 1 (0.4%), hepatitis E in 58 (22.2%), and non-A, non-B hepatitis of unknown type in 51 (19.5%). Forty-two (16.1%) subjects had HBsAg without other markers of acute infection. Risk factor analysis indicated that patients living in homes not connected to a municipal source of water were at increased risk of hepatitis E infection. These data provide additional evidence that hepatitis E virus is a common cause of acute sporadic hepatitis in children living in Egypt.






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Copyright © 1993 by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.