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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 48(3), 1993, pp. 358-364
Copyright © 1993 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Risk Factors of Malaria Infection during Pregnancy in Burkina Faso: Suggestion of a Genetic Influence

M. Cot, L. Abel, A. Roisin, D. Barro, A. Yada, P. Carnevale AND J. Feingold
ORSTOM Center Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; Unit of Research in Genetic Epidemiology (INSERM U155), Paris, France; Department of Biomathematics (INSERM U194), Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France; USAID, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Ministry of Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; ORSTOM s/c OCEAC, Yaounde, Cameroon

A cohort of 570 untreated pregnant women from Burkina Faso was studied to assess the influence of epidemiologic factors on malaria infection, which was quantified as the mean of serial, season-adjusted parasitemia measurements (mean parasite density [MPD]) carried out during the last five months of gestation. A significant effect of the area of maternal residence on the MPD was found (P < 0.003) and was probably due to geographic differences in mosquito transmission conditions. The strong relationship observed between parity and malaria infection (P < 0.0001), with MPD levels decreasing as the number of gestations increased, confirms that primigravidae are a high-risk group whose protection should be a priority. After adjustment for two relevant epidemiologic factors (i.e., area of residence and parity), the residual MPD values fitted a mixture of two distributions. This result supports the view that a major gene is involved in the determination of malaria infection intensities and is consistent with the results of a recent familial study in Cameroon.




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Copyright © 1993 by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.