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Prevention and Control. The importance of reservoir hosts in the control of endemic leishmaniasis is the focus of a paper beginning on page 1. The investigators report on the effectiveness of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using antigen-coated beads to rapidly and effectively identify canine hosts of Leishmania chagasi without the need for elaborate and expensive equipment. Such information is important in the design and implementation of control programs. Drugs remain an important part of the available technology for the prevention and control of a number of endemic diseases in the tropics. Starting on page 9 is a report of a community-based trial of ivermectin as a measure against onchocerciasis in Cameroon. The effort was effective in reducing the intensity of infection and thereby some symptoms, but had less impact on the prevalence of infections in the study population. The potential contribution of this drug distribution approach to a broad program of onchocerciasis control will require further study.