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Release of Prostaglandin E₂ by Microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi

To elucidate the local release of immunomodulatory prostaglandins by intravascular filarial parasites, the formation of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) was examined in individual microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi. Following incubation of living microfilariae immobilized in an agar matrix, prostaglandins released by the parasites were fixed by carbodiimide and localized by indirect immunofluorescence. Prostaglandin E₂ was specifically detected around the entire surface of microfilariae with anti-PGE₂ antiserum, but not with control nonimmune or PGE₂ affinity-immunoadsorbed antiserum. These results provide direct evidence that individual microfilariae of W. bancrofti as well as B. malayi release prostaglandins into their microenvironment. The release of PGE₂ by these intravascular parasites may modulate host leukocyte responses, and thereby contribute to the immune defects observed in infected humans with peripheral microfilaremia.

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