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Immunology. The first four papers in this issue are concerned with aspects of the immune response associated with a variety of infectious disease agents. Dumler and co-workers (see page 105) worked with human volunteers to demonstrate the development of a cell-mediated response with Rickettsia rickettsii after vaccination, challenge with virulent organisms or a combination of the two. Belgian investigators, using an experimental mouse model have been able to show that maternal influences can be detrimental to the offspring of mothers with chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infections. This impact reaches a maximum when offspring are exposed to both placental and lactating influences. Active visceral leishmaniasis is associated with antigen-specific immunosuppression, but there is a cell-mediated response in patients who have been cured of the disease. Investigators from Venezuela (page 123) report a delayed-type hypersensitivity in patients cured of the disease as well as in some of their relatives and neighbors.