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Fractionated Sera from Schistosoma Mansoni Infected Patients Confers Passive Protection in Mice

Sera from humans with chronic Schistosoma mansoni infections (CHS) were chromatographed with CNBr-activated Sepharose 4 B conjugated with NP-40 extracts obtained from live 3 hr schistosomula. Both unbound (CHS_UB) and bound (CHS_B) fractions which contained IgG and IgM isotypes were characterized by ELISA, immunofluorescence, and complement-mediated in vitro killing assays. ELISA data showed that the CHS_B fraction recognized schistosomula NP-40 extracts, whereas the CHS_UB fraction did not. However, both CHS_UB and CHS_B fractions recognized 8 M urea adult worm extracts and 8 M urea egg extracts. By indirect immunofluorescence assay, the CHS_B fraction recognized epitopes on the surface of live schistosomula 3 hr-29 days of age, whereas the CHS_UB fraction showed surface fluorescence only on 24- and 29-day-old worms. The CHS_B fraction mediated 95% killing of schistosomula in a complement dependent in vitro assay, the CHS_UB fraction and the unfractionated CHS did not exhibit killing ability. The CHS_UB fraction was able to titrate out the killing ability of the CHS_B fraction in in vitro cytotoxic assays when mixed with the CHS_B fraction at increasing concentrations. In passive immunization experiments, the CHS_B fraction provided 30% passive protection in mice when injected 1 day or 6 days after challenge and 20% protection when injected at 15 days, but failed to provide protection when administered 24 days after challenge. Unfractionated CHS failed to mediate passive protection.